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{{otheruses4|the metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia|the local government area|City of Perth}}
:'''October 8''' • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Idlewild and Soak Zone/archive1|Idlewild and Soak Zone]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Color of the day (police)/archive1|Color of the day (police)]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Burger King products/archive1|Burger King products]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/The Bellflower Bunnies (season 1)/archive1|The Bellflower Bunnies (season 1)]]
{{otherplaces3|Perth}}
:'''October 7''' • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings/archive1|I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Keating!/archive1|Keating!]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Operation Brevity/archive3|Operation Brevity]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/List of African countries and dependencies/archive1|List of African countries and dependencies]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Supergrass discography/archive2|Supergrass discography]]
{{Infobox Australian Place | type = city
:'''October 6''' • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/List of mayors of Hamburg/archive1|List of mayors of Hamburg]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/History of the National Hockey League (1967–1992)/archive1|History of the National Hockey League (1967–1992)]]
| name = Perth
:'''October 5''' • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/TNA Bound for Glory/archive1|TNA Bound for Glory]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/List of storms in the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season/archive1|List of storms in the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Strawberry Fields Forever/archive3|Strawberry Fields Forever]]
| state = Western Australia
: '''October 4''' • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Arad, Israel/archive2|Arad, Israel]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/List of Vancouver SkyTrain stations/archive1|List of Vancouver SkyTrain stations]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Ted Bundy/archive1|Ted Bundy]]
| image = Perth Water, Western Australia.jpg
:'''October 3''' • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Kannada literature in the Western Chalukya Empire/archive1|Kannada literature in the Western Chalukya Empire]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Stephen Crane/archive2|Stephen Crane]]
| caption = The Perth skyline viewed from the [[Swan River (Western Australia)|Swan River]]
:'''October 2''' • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Corner Gas/archive1|Corner Gas]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review/1956 FA Cup Final/archive1|1956 FA Cup Final]]
| pop = 1,554,769
<!-- Update daily - these are requests for which at least three days have passed since the peer review was started, and which have no substantial responses beyond the semi-automated peer review. Add new days at the top please! A blank entry follows, put the article name between the "//" and after "archive1|" and check archive number too (most are archive1):
| pop_footnotes = (June 2007)<ref name=abs>{{Cite web |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3218.0Main%20Features32006-07?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2006-07&num=&view=#133428242927994956991334282429279950 |title=Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2006-07 |publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |accessdate=2008-04-01}}</ref>
:'''October 1''' • [[Wikipedia:Peer review//archive1|]]
| poprank = 4th
-->
| density = 1090
| density_footnotes = (2006)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/4a256353001af3ed4b2562bb00121564/45b3371f4a681356ca25740e007c92bf!OpenDocument|title=Explore Your City Through the 2006 Census Social Atlas Series|author=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=[[17 March]] [[2008]]|accessdate=2008-05-19}}</ref>
| area = 5386
| est = 1829
| timezone = +8
| timezone-dst = +9
| stategov = [[Electoral district of Perth|Perth]] (and 33 others)
| fedgov = [[Division of Perth|Perth]] (and 10 others)
| dist1 = 2724 | location1= [[Adelaide]]
| dist2 = 4045 | location2 = [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]]
| dist3 = 3452 | location3 = [[Melbourne]]
| dist4 = 4144 | location4 = [[Sydney]]
| mintemp = 13.3
| maxtemp = 23.3
| rainfall = 869.4
}}
[[Image:Perth locator-MJC.png|thumb|270px|right|Location of Perth within [[Australia]]]]
'''Perth''' is the [[List of Australian capital cities|capital]] and largest city of the [[Australia]]n [[States and territories of Australia|state]] of [[Western Australia]], and the fourth-largest city in Australia, with a population of 1,554,769 (2007 estimate).<ref name=abs/> One of its [[Local Government Areas of Australia|LGA]]s, the [[City of Perth]], is currently the fastest growing area in Australia in percentage terms (10% per year).<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/mf/3218.0?OpenDocument
|title = Population: Mining areas boom, drought-affected areas decline (Media Release)
|work = Regional Population Growth, Australia, 1996 to 2006
|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
}}</ref>

Perth was founded on [[12 June]] [[1829]] by [[James Stirling (Australian governor)|Captain James Stirling]] as the political centre of the free settler [[Swan River Colony]]. It has continued to serve as the seat of Government for Western Australia to the present day.

The [[metropolitan area]] is located in the south west of the continent between the [[Indian Ocean]] and a low coastal escarpment known as the [[Darling Range]]. The [[central business district]] and suburbs of Perth are situated on the [[Swan River (Western Australia)|Swan River]].

Perth became known worldwide as the "City of Light," as city residents lit their houselights and streetlights as [[United States|American]] [[astronaut]] [[John Glenn]] passed overhead while orbiting the earth on [[Friendship 7]] in 1962.<ref> (1970) ''Perth - a city of light'' Perth, W.A. Brian Williams Productions for the Government of WA, 1970 (Videorecording) The social and recreational life of Perth. Begins with a 'mock-up' of the lights of Perth as seen by astronaut John Glenn in February 1962 </ref> The city repeated its feat as Glenn passed overhead on the [[Space Shuttle]] in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/canwehelp/txt/s2160601.htm|title=Moment in Time - Episode 1|author=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=[[15 February]] [[2008]]|accessdate=2008-07-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/digitallife/main.jhtml?xml=/connected/1998/11/05/ecnglen05.xml|title=Grandfather Glenn's blast from the past|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] (UK)|date=[[5 November]] [[1998]]|accessdate=2008-07-14}}</ref>

==History==
{{main|History of Perth, Western Australia}}

===Prehistory===
[[Image:Major islands off Perth, Western Australia.svg|thumb|140px|left|Rottnest, Carnac and Garden Islands]]

Before [[Europe]]an settlement the area had been inhabited by the [[Whadjuk]] [[Noongar]] people for over 40,000 years, as evidenced by archaeological findings on the Upper Swan River.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.archaeology.arts.uwa.edu.au/staff/bowdler__research_interests/the_pleistocene_pacific
|title=The Pleistocene Pacific
|author=Sandra Bowdler
|work=Published in ‘Human settlement’, in D. Denoon (ed) The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders. pp.41-50. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
|publisher=[[University of Western Australia]]
|accessdate=2008-02-26
}}</ref> These [[Indigenous Australian|Aborigines]] occupied the southwest corner of Western Australia, living as hunter-gatherers. The lakes on the coastal plain were particularly important to them, providing both spiritual and physical sustenance.

[[Rottnest Island|Rottnest]], [[Carnac Island|Carnac]] and [[Garden Island (Western Australia)|Garden]] Islands were also important to the Noongar. About 5,000 years ago the sea levels were low enough that they could walk to the limestone outcrops.

The area where Perth now stands was called Boorloo by the Aboriginals living there at the time of their first contact with Europeans in 1827. Boorloo formed part of Mooro, the tribal lands of the Yellagonga, one of several groups based around the Swan River and known collectively as the Whadjuk. The Whadjuk were part of a larger group of thirteen or more tribes which formed the south west socio-linguistic block known as the [[Noongar]] (''The People''), also sometimes called the ''Bibbulmun''.

On [[19 September]] [[2006]], the [[Federal Court of Australia]] brought down a judgment recognising [[native title#2006 – Noongar Decision|Noongar native title]] over the Perth metropolitan area, in the case of ''Bennell v State of Western Australia'' [2006] FCA 1243.<ref name="Bennell">{{cite web
|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/federal_ct/2006/1243.html
|title=''Bennell v State of Western Australia'' [2006] FCA 1243
|accessdate=2007-04-14
|work=Federal Court of Australia Decisions
|publisher= [[Australasia Legal Information Institute]]
}}</ref>

===Early European sightings===
[[Image:WAGovernmentHouse1crop gobeirne.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Government House, Western Australia]]
The first documented European sighting of the region was made by the Dutch Captain [[Willem de Vlamingh]] and his crew on [[10 January]] [[1697]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600361h.html#ch-12
|title = Early Voyages to Terra Australis, now called Australia
|accessdate = 2008-02-26
|last = Major
|first = Richard Henry
|date = 1859
|work = [[Project Gutenberg]] of Australia
}}</ref> Subsequent sightings between this date and 1829 were made by other Europeans, but as in the case of the sighting and observations made by Vlamingh, the area was considered to be inhospitable and unsuitable for the agriculture which would be needed to sustain a settlement

[[Image:Fremantle-RoudHouse.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Round House]] built in 1830 is the oldest remaining building on mainland Western Australia]]
[[Image:The Foundation of Perth 1829.jpg|thumb|200px|none|''[[The Foundation of Perth 1829]]'' by [[George Pitt Morison]] is an historically accurate reconstruction of the official ceremony by which Perth was founded.]]

===The Swan River Colony===
{{See also|Swan River Colony}}

Although the [[British Army]] had established a base at [[Albany, Western Australia|King George Sound]] (later Albany) on the south coast of western Australia in 1826 in response to rumours that the area would be annexed by [[France]], Perth was the first full scale settlement by Europeans in the western third of the continent. The British colony would be officially designated Western Australia in 1832, but was known informally for many years as the Swan River Colony after the area's major watercourse.

On [[4 June]] [[1829]], newly arriving British colonists had their first view of the mainland and Western Australia's Foundation Day has since been recognised by a public holiday on the first Monday in June each year. Captain James Stirling, aboard the [[Parmelia (barque)|''Parmelia'']], said that Perth was "as beautiful as anything of this kind I had ever witnessed." On [[12 August]] that year, Mrs. Helen Dance, wife of the Captain of the second ship ''Sulphur'', cut down a tree to mark the founding of the town.

It is clear that Stirling had already selected the name ''Perth'' for the capital well before the town was proclaimed, as his proclamation of the colony, read in Fremantle on [[18 June]], ended "[g]iven under my hand and Seal at Perth this 18th Day of June 1829. James Stirling Lieutenant Governor"<ref name="Stirling 1829">{{cite paper
|first = James
|last = Stirling
|authorlink = James Stirling (Australian governor)
|title = [[Wikisource:Lieutenant-Governor Stirling's Proclamation of the Colony 18 June 1829|Proclamation]]
|date = [[18 June]] [[1829]]
|publisher = [[wikisource]]
}}</ref> The only information on the source of the name comes from Fremantle's diary entry for [[12 August]], which records that they "named the Town Perth according to the wishes of Sir George Murray."<ref name="Cottesloe 1928">{{cite book
|last=Fremantle
|first=John
|authorlink = John Fremantle, 4th Baron Cottesloe
|year = 1928
|title = Diary & Letters of Admiral Sir C. H. Fremantle, G.C.B. Relating the Founding of the Colony of Western Australia 1829
|location = London
|publisher = Hazell, Watson & Viey
}}</ref> [[George Murray (Upper Canada politician)|Murray]] was born in [[Perth, Scotland]], and was in 1829 [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] and Member for [[Perthshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Perthshire]] in the [[British House of Commons]]. It is therefore often asserted that the name was given in Murray's honour.<ref name="Uren 1948">{{cite book
|first = Malcolm J. L.
|last = Uren
|year = 1948
|title = Land Looking West
|location = London
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
}}</ref><ref name="Crowley 1960">{{cite book
|first = Francis K.
|last = Crowley
|year = 1960
|title = Australia's Western Third
|location = London
|publisher = [[Macmillan & Co]]
}}</ref><ref name="Statham 1981">{{cite book
|first = Pamela
|last = Statham
|year = 1981
|chapter = Swan River Colony
|editor = [[Charles Thomas Stannage|Stannage, Tom]]
|title = A New History of Western Australia
|location = Nedlands
|publisher = University of Western Australia Press
|isbn = 0-85564-181-9
}}</ref>

Beginning in 1831, hostile encounters between the British settlers and Aborigines of the local Noongar tribe – both large-scale land users with conflicting land value systems – increased considerably as the colony grew. This violent phase of the region's history culminated in a series of events in which the British overcame the indigenous people, including the execution of Whadjuk tribal chief [[Midgegooroo]], the death of his son [[Yagan]] in 1833, and the [[Battle of Pinjarra]] in 1834.

By 1843, when the tribal chief Yellagonga died, his tribe had begun to disintegrate after having been dispossessed of the land around the main settlement area of Perth. They retreated to the swamps and lakes north of the settlement area including Third Swamp, known to them as Boodjamooling. Boodjamooling continued to be a main campsite for the remaining Noongar people in the Perth region, and was also used by travellers, itinerants, and homeless people. By the gold-rush days of the 1890s they were joined by miners who were en-route to the goldfields.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.vincent.wa.gov.au/2/145/1/history.pm
|title = Town of Vincent - History
|work = Adapted from 'History of the Town of Vincent', from Town of Vincent 2001 Annual Report, p.52 (possibly based on J. Gentili and others)
|publisher = [[Town of Vincent]]
|accessdate = 2008-02-26
}}</ref>

In 1850, Western Australia was opened to [[Convict era of Western Australia|convicts]] at the request of farming and business people looking for cheap labour.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.regionalwa.com.au/WAinfo/PerthHistory.htm
|title = :: REGIONAL WA:: Western Australia: History
|date = 2003-12-23
|accessdate = 2008-02-26
|publisher = Regional Web Australia
}}</ref> [[Queen Victoria]] announced the city status of Perth in 1856.<ref name="historyofCOP">{{cite web
|url = http://www.cityofperth.wa.gov.au/documentdb/63.pdf
|title = History of the City of Perth
|accessdate = 2008-02-26
|date = 2005-03-23
|format = PDF
|publisher = [[City of Perth]]
}}</ref>

===Federation and beyond===
[[Image:Perth in 1968.jpg|thumb|right|Perth, 1968]]
After a referendum in 1900,<ref name="naaCiP">{{cite web
|url = http://www.naa.gov.au/naaresources/Publications/research_guides/guides/perth/chapter04.htm
|title = Collections in Perth: 4. Colonial Adminstration
|accessdate = 2008-02-26
|date = 2007-08-23
|work = Collections in Perth
|publisher = [[National Archives of Australia]]
}}</ref> Western Australia joined the [[Federation of Australia]] in 1901.<ref name="historyofCOP"/> It was the last of the Australian colonies to agree to join the Federation, and did so only after the other colonies had offered several concessions, including the construction of a transcontinental railway line to Perth (via [[Kalgoorlie, Western Australia|Kalgoorlie]]) from the eastern states.

In 1933, Western Australia voted in a referendum to leave the Australian Federation, with a majority of two to one in favour of [[Secessionism in Western Australia|secession]].<ref name="naaCiP"/> However, an election held shortly before the referendum had turned out the incumbent "pro-independence" government, replacing it with a government which did not support the independence movement. Respecting the result of the referendum, the new government nonetheless petitioned the [[Agent General]] of United Kingdom for independence, where the request was simply ignored.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://john.curtin.edu.au/mccallum/deputy.html
|title = Deputy Premier 2nd Collier Government 1933-1935
|accessdate = 2008-02-26
|date = 2005-05-11
|publisher = [[John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library]]
}}</ref>

Perth has prospered by becoming a key service centre for the natural resource industries, being the closest city to huge reserves of [[gold]], [[iron|iron ore]], [[nickel]], [[alumina]], [[manganese]], [[diamond]]s, [[mineral sands]], [[coal]], [[oil]], and [[natural gas]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ga.gov.au/pdf/RR0112.pdf
|title = Australia's identified mineral resources, 2002
|accessdate = 2008-02-26
|date = 2002-10-31
|format = PDF
|publisher = [[Geoscience Australia]]
}}</ref> Most of the world's major resource and engineering companies have offices in Perth. Partially as a result of this influx, Perth has become highly ethnically diverse, with over 27% of inhabitants having been born overseas (495,240 persons) and a further 414,000 having an overseas born parent (2001 census). 11% speak a language other than English at home.

==Geography==
Perth is one of the most isolated metropolitan areas on Earth. The nearest city to Perth with a population over 1 million is [[Adelaide]] in [[South Australia]], which is {{convert|2104|km|mi|0}} away. Perth is geographically closer to [[East Timor]], [[Singapore]] and [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]], than it is to [[Sydney]], [[Melbourne]], and [[Brisbane]]. It is the [[antipodes|antipode]] of [[Hamilton, Bermuda]].

===Central business district===
The central business district of Perth is bounded by the Swan River to the south and east, with [[Kings Park, Western Australia|Kings Park]] on the western end, while the railway lines form a northern border. [[St George's Terrace, Perth|St Georges Terrace]] is the prominent street of the area with 1.3 million m² of office space in the CBD.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/?id=100506
|title = Perth, commercial area information
|accessdate = 2008-02-26
|publisher = [[Emporis.com]]
}}</ref> [[Hay Street, Perth|Hay Street]] and [[Murray Street, Perth|Murray Street]] have most of the retail and entertainment facilities. The tallest building in the city is [[Central Park (skyscraper)|Central Park]], which is the sixth tallest building in Australia,<ref name=TallBuilding>{{cite web
|url = http://www.emporis.com/en/bu/sk/st/tp/co/?id=100012
|title = World's tallest skyscrapers by country
|accessdate = 2008-02-26
|publisher = Emporis.com
}}</ref> although it is to be surpassed by the BHP Tower in [[2012]].<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bhptower-perth-australia
|title = BHP Square, Perth
|accessdate = 2008-02-26
|publisher = Emporis.com
}}</ref> With the current resources-based boom the skyline will change dramatically with at least eleven 100 m+ buildings either being currently or soon to be built.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=100506&bt=2&ht=2&sro=1
|title = Tallest skyscrapers
|accessdate = 2008-02-26
|publisher = Emporis.com
}}</ref>
{{wide image|Perth_foreshore_panorama.jpg|1000px|Panorama of the Perth foreshore from [[Kings Park, Western Australia|Kings Park]] taken in the afternoon.}}

===Geology and landforms===
[[Image:Perth.jpg|thumb|160px|left|Satellite image of Perth]]
Perth is set on the Swan River, named after the native [[Black Swan|black swans]] in 1697 by [[Willem de Vlamingh]], captain of a Dutch expedition.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.175anniversary.wa.gov.au/index.cfm?fuseaction=heritage_icons.january
|title = 175th Anniversary of Western Australia - Heritage Icons: January - The Swan River
|accessdate = 2007-04-14
|date = 2004-12-31
|publisher = [[Department of the Premier and Cabinet (Western Australia)]]
}}</ref> Traditionally, this water body has been known by local inhabitants as ''Derbal Yerrigan''.<ref name="IndigenousAffairs">{{cite web
|url=http://www.dtf.wa.gov.au/cms/uploadedFiles/200607_02_Part10_Indigenous_Affairs.pdf
|title=Indigenous Affairs
|format = pdf
|work = [[Department of Indigenous Affairs]]
|date = 2006-05-11
}}</ref> The city centre and most of the suburbs are located on the sandy and relatively flat [[Swan Coastal Plain]], which lies between the [[Darling Scarp]] and the Indian Ocean. The soils of this area are quite infertile. The metropolitan area extends to [[Yanchep, Western Australia|Yanchep]] in the north, [[Mandurah]] in the south, total distance of approximately 125 kilometres (78&nbsp;mi) by road. From the Coast in the west to [[Mundaring]] in the east, a total distance of approximately 50 kilometres (30&nbsp;mi) by road. This means that the area of Perth is over 1.5 million acres (6,100 km²).

The coastal suburbs take advantage of Perth's oceanside location and clean [[beach]]es. To the east, the city is bordered by a low escarpment called the Darling Scarp. Perth is on generally flat, rolling land - largely due to the high amount of sandy soils and deep [[bedrock]]. This abundance of sand has resulted in West Australians' being given the nickname [[sandgroper]]s by the rest of the country. The Perth metropolitan area has two major river systems; the first is made up of the Swan and [[Canning River (Western Australia)|Canning Rivers]]. The second is that of the [[Serpentine River (Western Australia)|Serpentine]] and Murray Rivers, which discharge into the Peel Estuary at Mandurah.

===Climate===
Perth receives moderate though highly seasonal rainfall. Summers are generally hot and dry, lasting from late December to late March, with February generally being the hottest month of the year, making Perth a classic example of a [[Mediterranean climate]]. Summer is not completely devoid of rain with sporadic rainfall in the form of short-lived thunderstorms, weak cold fronts and on very rare occasions decaying tropical cyclones which can bring significant falls. The hottest ever recorded temperature in Perth was 46.2&nbsp;°[[Celsius|C]] (115&nbsp;°[[Fahrenheit|F]]) on [[23 February]] [[1991]]. Winters are relatively cool and rather moist, though the once reliable winter rainfall has been declining steadily in recent years. The coldest temperature recorded was -0.7&nbsp;°C (30.7&nbsp;°F) on [[17 June]] [[2006]], and the only temperature ever recorded below the [[Melting point|freezing point]]. The coldest temperature recorded in the Perth metropolitan area was -3.4 degrees Celsius on [[June 17]], [[2006]] at Jandakot airport.<ref>[http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009172_All.shtml Climate statistics for Australian locations<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Even in mid-winter, maximum daytime temperatures only occasionally fall below 16&nbsp;°C (60&nbsp;°F). Though most rainfall occurs during winter, the wettest day ever was unusually on [[9 February]] [[1992]] when 121 millimetres (4.75&nbsp;[[inch|in]]) fell. On most summer afternoons a [[sea breeze]], also known as "[[Fremantle doctor|The Fremantle Doctor]]", blows from the south-west, cooling the city by up to 15°C.

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%; margin: 0 auto 0 auto; font-size:80%;"
|+ '''Climatic Table'''
|-
!
! Jan
! Feb
! Mar
! Apr
! May
! Jun
! Jul
! Aug
! Sep
! Oct
! Nov
! Dec
!Year
|-
! Mean daily maximum temperature
|29.7 [[Celsius|°C]]<br>85.5 [[Fahrenheit|°F]]
|30.0 °C<br>86.0 °F
|28.0 °C<br>82.4 °F
|24.6 °C<br>76.3 °F
|20.9 °C<br>69.6 °F
|18.3 °C<br>64.9 °F
|17.4 °C<br>63.3 °F
|18.0 °C<br>64.4 °F
|19.5 °C<br>67.1 °F
|21.4 °C<br>70.5 °F
|24.6 °C<br>76.3 °F
|27.4 °C<br>81.3 °F
|23.3 [[Celsius|°C]]<br> 73.9 [[Fahrenheit|°F]]
|-
! Mean daily minimum temperature
|17.9 [[Celsius|°C]]<br>64.2 [[Fahrenheit|°F]]
|18.1 °C<br>64.6 °F
|16.8 °C<br>62.2 °F
|14.3 °C<br>57.7 °F
|11.7 °C<br>53.1 °F
|10.1 °C<br>50.2 °F
|9.0 °C<br>48.2 °F
|9.2 °C<br>48.6 °F
|10.3 °C<br>50.5 °F
|11.7 °C<br>53.1 °F
|14.0 °C<br>57.2 °F
|16.3 °C<br>61.3 °F
|13.3 [[Celsius|°C]]<br>55.9 [[Fahrenheit|°F]]
|-
! Mean total rainfall
|8.6&nbsp;mm<br>0.34&nbsp;[[inch|in]]
|13.3&nbsp;mm<br>0.52&nbsp;in
|19.3&nbsp;mm<br>0.76&nbsp;in
|45.5&nbsp;mm<br>1.79&nbsp;in
|122.7&nbsp;mm<br>4.83&nbsp;in
|182.4&nbsp;mm<br>7.18&nbsp;in
|172.9&nbsp;mm<br>6.81&nbsp;in
|134.6&nbsp;mm<br>5.30&nbsp;in
|79.9&nbsp;mm<br>3.14&nbsp;in
|54.5&nbsp;mm<br>2.15&nbsp;in
|21.7&nbsp;mm<br>0.85&nbsp;in
|13.9&nbsp;mm<br>0.55&nbsp;in
|869.4&nbsp;mm<br>34.23&nbsp;[[inch|in]]
|-
! Mean number of rain days
|2.9
|2.7
|4.3
|7.6
|13.8
|17.2
|18.2
|17.2
|14.0
|11.1
|6.5
|4.2
|119.6
|-
| colspan="15" style="text-align: center;" | <small>'''Source:''' [http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009034.shtml Bureau of Meteorology]</small>
|}

[[Image:Perth climate chart.gif|center]]

==Governance==
[[Image:Parliament House, Perth, Western Australia.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Parliament House, Perth.]]
Perth houses the [[Parliament of Western Australia]] and the [[Governor of Western Australia]]. Under the new one-vote, one-value laws seats in city and country areas will be roughly of equal population size, which will mean that 42 of the Legislative Assembly's 59 seats will be based in Perth at the next state election. Perth is represented by 11 seats in the Federal House of Representatives, although some seats extend outside the Metropolitan area. The metropolitan area is divided into over 30 local government bodies. The [[City of Perth]] is the local government authority responsible for the Perth [[Central business district]], however this covers a very small section of the Perth urban area.
Australia's [[High Court of Australia|High Court]] holds regular sittings in Perth, with permanent Federal Court operations. The highest court under Western Australian law, the [[Supreme Court of Western Australia|Supreme Court]] is based in Perth, along with the [[District Court of Western Australia|District]], [[Family Court of Western Australia|Family]] and [[Magistrates' Court of Western Australia|Magistrates']] Courts.

The [[Metropolitan Region Scheme]] (MRS) is the legal land plan covering the Perth metropolitan region. It is a large [[town planning]] scheme for land use in the Perth metropolitan area. The MRS has been in operation since 1963 and provides the legal basis for planning in the Perth metropolitan region.

==Demographics==
[[Image:MASB.gif|thumb|180px|left|Area of the Perth Metropolitan Region Scheme]]
Perth is Australia's fourth largest city, having overtaken Adelaide's population in the early 1980s. At the 2006 Census 1,445,079 persons resident in the Perth statistical area were enumerated.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:4px; text-size:80%; text-align:right"
|align=center colspan=2| '''Perth Metropolitan Area <br>'''Population by year ([http://www.abs.gov.au ABS])
|-
|1911 || 106,792
|-
|1921 || 154,873
|-
|1933 || 207,440
|-
|1947 || 272,528
|-
|1961 || 420,133
|-
|1971 || 641,800
|-
|1981 || 809,036
|-
|1991 || 1,142,646
|-
|2001 || 1,325,392
|-
|2006 || 1,445,079
|-
|2007 || 1,554,769
|-
|2008 || 1,600,000 (projected)
|-
|2009 || 1,650,000 (projected)
|}

===Ethnic groups===
[[Image:Perth CoB dots.png|300px|right|thumb|One dot represents 100 persons born in the UK (dark blue), China (red), Italy (light green), Malaysia (dark green), South Africa (brown), Singapore (purple) and Vietnam (yellow), based on 2006 Census]]

In 2006, the largest ancestry groups in the Perth metropolitan areas were: English (534,555 or 28.6 per cent), "Australian" (479,174 or 25.6 per cent), [[Irish Australian|Irish]] (115,384 or 6.2 per cent), Scottish (113,846 or 6.1 per cent), Italian (84,331 or 4.5 per cent) and Chinese (53,390 or 2.9 per cent). There were 3,101 [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginals]] in the city (0.2 per cent).<ref name="IndigenousAffairs"/>

Perth's population is notable for the high proportion of British-born residents. At the 2006 Census 142,424 British-born Perth residents were counted,<ref name="06PerthCensus">{{Census 2006 AUS | id = 505 | name = Perth (Statistical Division) | quick = on | accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref> narrowly behind Sydney (145,261),<ref name="06SydneyCensus">{{Census 2006 AUS | id = 105 | name = Sydney (Statistical Division) | quick = on | accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref> despite having just 35% of the overall population of Sydney.

The ethnic make-up of Perth changed in the middle of the twentieth century, when significant numbers of [[Italian Australians|Italian]] and [[Greek people|Greek]] immigrants arrived in the city. Prior to this, Perth's population had been almost completely [[Anglo-Celtic Australian|Anglo-Celtic]] in ethnic origin. As [[Fremantle, Western Australia|Fremantle]] was the first landfall in Australia for many migrant ships coming from [[Europe]] in the 1950s and 1960s, Perth started to experience a diverse influx which included [[Dutch people|Dutch]], [[German people|Germans]], [[Croatian people|Croats]], [[Serbs]], [[Polish people|Poles]], [[Czechs]], [[Russians]], [[Ukrainians]], and [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]] and many others. The Italian influence in the Perth and Fremantle area has been substantial, evident in places like the "Cappuccino strip" in Fremantle featuring many Italian eateries and shops. In Fremantle the traditional Italian blessing of the fleet festival is held every year at the start of the fishing season. Suburbs surrounding the Fremantle area such as Spearwood and Hamilton Hill also contain high concentrations of Italians, Croatians and Portuguese. Perth also has a vibrant [[Jewish]] community &mdash; numbering 20,106 in 2006 &mdash; who emigrated primarily from [[eastern Europe]] and more recently from [[South Africa]].

Another more recent wave of arrivals include European minorities from [[Southern Africa]]. The [[South Africa]]-born overtook those born in [[Italy]] to become the fourth largest birthplace group after 2001. By 2006, there were 18,825 South Africa-born in Perth, accounting for 1.3 per cent of the city's people.<ref name="06PerthCensus"/> Many [[Afrikaners]] and [[Anglo-African]]s from [[South Africa]] and [[Zimbabwe]] emigrated to Perth during the 1980s and 1990s, to the extent that the city has been described as "the Australian capital of South Africans in exile".<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.int.iol.co.za/?set_id=1&click_id=&art_id=vn20060306104143710C509596
|title = Packing for Perth because of the poo!
|accessdate = 2007-08-14
|date = 2006-03-06
|last = Yeld
|first = John
|work = [[Independent Online (South Africa)|IOL]]
|publisher = [[Cape Argus]]
}}</ref> The phrase "Packing for Perth" has become associated with South Africans who choose to emigrate abroad, sometimes regardless of the destination.

In the last three decades, South East Asia has become an increasingly important source of migrants, with communities from [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], [[Singapore]], [[Hong Kong]], [[China]], and [[India]] all now well-established. There were 53,390 persons of [[Chinese Australian|Chinese]] descent in Perth in 2006 &mdash; 2.9 per cent of the city's population.<ref>{{Census 2006 AUS | id = 505 | name = Perth (Statistical Division) | accessdate=2008-05-28}}</ref>

The Indian community includes a substantial number of [[Parsi people|Parsees]] who emigrated from [[Bombay]] &mdash; Perth being the closest Australian city to India &mdash; and the India-born population of the city at the time of the 2006 census was 14,094 or 0.8 per cent.<ref>{{Census 2006 AUS | id = 505 | name = Perth (Statistical Division) | accessdate=2008-05-28}}</ref> Perth is also home to the largest population of [[Anglo-Burmese]] in the world; many settled here following the Independence of [[Burma]] in 1948 and the city is now the cultural hub for [[Anglo-Burmese people|Anglo-Burmese]] worldwide. There is also a substantial [[Anglo-Indian]] population in Perth, who also settled in the city following the Independence of [[India]].

==Economy==
Perth has a booming economy, primarily due to the rising demands for raw [[minerals]] from emerging economies, especially [[People's Republic of China|China]]. This has led to a mining boom, which is having a great impact not only for Perth, but for the whole state of Western Australia. From 2006-2007, mining accounted for 30% of the state's total output<ref>{{cite book
| title = Western Australian Economic Summary, 2008 No. 1
| publisher = Department of Treasury and Finance, Government of Western Australia
| date = 2008-05-26
| pages = 107
| url = http://www.dtf.wa.gov.au/cms/uploadedFiles/2008_no_1_wa_economic_summary.pdf}}</ref> and 50% of the state's exports{{Fact|date=May 2008}}. In addition, Perth is so important to mining and energy projects that it controls about 80% or at least $A 11.7 B worth of Australia's total projects. As such, 25% of the world's largest mining companies have bases in Perth with [[Rio Tinto Group|Rio Tinto]], [[Woodside Petroleum]] and [[BHP Billiton]] just to name a few. The economic growth rate in 2006 was more than that of China's which is already at a staggering 10%.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.perth.wa.gov.au/web/Business/About-Business-in-the-City/Economic-Profile/
|title = Business - Economic Profile
|accessdate = 2007-06-15
|publisher = City of Perth
|quote = Western Australia has one of the fastest growing economies in the world. In 2006, recorded a higher rate than China’s, far exceeding Australia’s national growth rate..
}}</ref>

Having highly-skilled workers, bustling retail services and state of the art infrastructure, economic growth is expected to remain at the current rates for a while, or at least until [[China]] and other emerging economies are fully developed.

Perth being the heart of Western Australia in culture, business, tourism and retail services has consistent unemployment levels of less than 4%. As such, the city is drawing thousands of jobs providing accommodation for the many who flock back to the city centre.

As for tourists, more than 2 million interstate and international visitors inject millions into the local economy through hotel and retail services as many world cities are increasingly becoming [[service economy|service economies]].

==Education==
:''See also: [[Education in Western Australia]] for information on education in Western Australia''

Perth is home to four public universities: the [[University of Western Australia]], [[Murdoch University]], [[Curtin University of Technology]], [[Edith Cowan University]]. There is also one private university, the [[University of Notre Dame Australia|University of Notre Dame]].

[[Image:UWAWinthropHallSunsetcurves gobeirne.jpg|thumb|200px|The University of Western Australia is located at Crawley]]
[[The University of Western Australia]], which was founded in 1911,<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.uwa.edu.au/visitors/about/history
|title = Visitors - History of the University
|accessdate = 2007-04-14
|publisher = [[University of Western Australia]]
|quote = The University of Western Australia has helped to shape the careers of more than 75,000 graduates since it was established in 1911.
}}</ref> is renowned as one of Australia's leading research institutions. The university's monumental neo-classical architecture, most of which is carved from white limestone, is a notable tourist destination in the city. It is the only university in the state to be a member of the prestigious [[Group of Eight (Australian universities|Group of Eight]], as well as the [[Sandstone universities]].

[[Curtin University of Technology]] is Western Australia's largest university by student population, and was known from its founding in 1966 until 1986 as the [[Western Australian Institute of Technology]] (''WAIT'') and had amalgamated with [[Western Australian School of Mines]] and the [[Muresk Institute]]. It has a rapidly growing research reputation and is the only Western Australian university to produce PhD recipients of the AINSE gold medal, the highest possible recognition for PhD level science and engineering research excellence in Australia and New Zealand.<ref>[http://www.ansto.gov.au/ainse/about_ainse/gold_medals.html Gold Medals<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

[[Murdoch University]] was established in the 1970s, and is Australia's largest campus in geographical area (2.27 square kilometres), necessary to accommodate [[Western Australia]]'s only veterinary school.

[[Edith Cowan University]] was established in the early 1990s from the existing [[College of Advanced Education|Western Australian College of Advanced Education]] (WACAE) which itself was formed in the 1970s from the existing Teachers Colleges at Claremont, Churchlands, and Mount Lawley. It incorporates the [[Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts]] (WAAPA).

The [[University of Notre Dame Australia]] was established in 1990. Notre Dame was established as a [[Catholic]] university with its lead campus in [[Fremantle]] and a large campus in [[Sydney]]. It is the only Western Australian University with a campus in another major Australian city. Its campus in [[Fremantle]] is set in the west end of [[Fremantle]] within historic port buildings built in the 1890s giving Notre Dame a distinct European University atmosphere. Though Notre Dame shares its name with the [[University of Notre Dame]] in [[Indiana]] [[USA]], it is a separate school, claiming only "strong ties" with its American namesake. It is also the fastest growing University in Australia.

Colleges of [[TAFE]] provide trade and vocational training, including Diploma level courses. TAFE was formed in the 1970s to provide technical courses previously offered by WACAE.

==Media==
===Television===
Perth is served by 5 [[free to air]] stations - [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]], [[Seven Network]], [[Nine Network]], [[Network Ten]] and [[Special Broadcasting Service|SBS]]. A community station, [[Channel 31]], closed in August 2008. [[Foxtel]] provides a subscription-based service. Regional Western Australia is served by ABC, [[Golden West Network|GWN]], [[WIN Television|WIN]], SBS and Foxtel. Perth has its own local newsreaders on Channels 2 (ABC), 7, 9 and 10. Seven's weekly presenters are [[Rick Ardon]] and [[Susannah Carr]], presenters for Nine are [[Dixie Marshall]] and [[Greg Pearce]], and the presenter for Ten is [[Narelda Jacobs]]. The ABC news anchor is [[Karina Carvalho]].

===Television shows produced in Perth===
*''[[Today Tonight]]'', Perth version (1995— , TVW)
*''[[The Force: Behind the Line|The Force]]'' (2007— , TVW)
*''[[Can We Help]]'' (ABC)
*''[[Stateline (TV program)|Stateline]]'', Western Australia edition, (ABC)
*''[[The Western Front (Television program)|The Western Front]]'' (TEN/WIN)

===Telethon===
{{main|Channel Seven Perth Telethon}}
Each year around October, Channel 7 Perth holds a [[Telethon]] to raise funds for [[Princess Margaret Hospital for Children]] (Located in [[Subiaco, Western Australia|Subiaco]], west of Perth). It is arguably the most successful telethon in the world. Telethon 2007 celebrated its 40th anniversary and raised over 6.5 million [[Australian Dollar]]s.

===Newspapers===
The main newspapers for Perth are ''[[The West Australian]]'' and ''[[The Sunday Times (Western Australia)|The Sunday Times]]''. The local Community paper has different issues for each local government area. There are also many advertising newspapers, such as ''The Quokka''.

===Radio===
Perth has many radio stations on both AM and FM frequencies. ABC stations include [[ABC NewsRadio|News Radio]] (585AM), [[720 ABC Perth]], [[Radio National]] (810AM), [[ABC Classic FM|Classic FM]] (97.7FM) and [[Triple J]] (99.3FM). The 6 commercial stations are: FM- [[92.9]], [[Nova 93.7]], [[Mix 94.5]], [[96fm]], and AM- [[6PR|882 6PR]] and [[6IX|1080 6IX]].

Major community radio stations include [[RTRFM]] (92.1FM), [[Sonshine FM]] (98.5FM) and [[Curtin FM]] (100.1FM).

==Culture==
[[Image:Perth CBD from air.jpg|thumb|left|[[Perth Convention Exhibition Centre]] seen from the air between the Perth CBD and Swan River]]
[[Perth Cultural Centre]] is both an area of central Perth and the collective name for the main buildings of the [[Art Gallery of Western Australia]], [[Western Australian Museum]], [[State Library of Western Australia|Alexander Library]], [[State Records Office of Western Australia|State Records Office]] and [[Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts]] (PICA).

===Museums ===
The Western Australian Museum holds an extensive display of Aboriginal artefacts as well as numerous zoological and social exhibits.

The new (2002) [[Western Australian Maritime Museum]] in Fremantle displays maritime objects from all eras and includes a former [[Royal Australian Navy]] submarine. It also houses ''[[Australia II]]'', the yacht that won the Americas Cup in 1983.

===Art galleries===
The West Australian Art Gallery houses the state's premier art collection and hosts numerous impressive visiting exhibitions, like the 2006 [[Norman Lindsay]] exhibition. Additional exhibits occur at PICA and many other smaller venues on a regularly across Perth.

===Sport===
{{main|Sport in Western Australia}}
The most popular sports are [[Australian Football]] and [[Cricket]]{{Fact|date=March 2008}}.
The climate of Perth allows for extensive outdoor sport activity, and this is reflected in the wide variety of [[sport]]s available to citizens of the city. Perth was host to the [[1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|1962 Commonwealth Games]] and also the 1987 [[Americas Cup|America's Cup]] defence (based at Fremantle). [[Australian rules football]] is the most popular spectator sport in Perth - some 1,030,000 people attended [[West Australian Football League|WAFL]] or [[Australian Football League|AFL]] matches in 2005.{{Fact|date=February 2008}}

Perth is home to several elite sporting teams from various sports:
*Australian Rules Football: [[West Coast Eagles]] and the [[Fremantle Dockers]]
*Rugby League: [[WA Reds]]
*Basketball: [[Perth Wildcats]]
*Cricket: [[Retravision Warriors]]
*Soccer: [[Perth Glory]]
*Rugby Union: [[Western Force]]
*Netball: [[West Coast Fever]] (Formally [[Perth Orioles]])
*Hockey: [[Smokefree WA Thundersticks]]

Perth also has and is currently home to numerous state and international sporting events such as:
*In 2002, Perth hosted the World Lacrosse Games,<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/sportsf/stories/s596413.htm
|title = Radio National - The Sports Factor - 05/07/2002
|accessdate = 2007-04-14
|date = 2002-07-05
|format = Program Transcript
|work = [[Radio National]]
|publisher = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]
}}</ref> which included the World Lacrosse Championships (won by the United States), the Australian Youth Lacrosse Championship, a Masters (35+ year old), Grandmasters (45+), and International Open Championships.

*The 1991 and 1998 [[FINA World Championships - Long Course|FINA World Championships]] were held in Perth.<ref name="FINAWorldChampionships">{{cite news
|first = David
|last = Marsh
|title = 'New Era' For Swimming
|work = [[The West Australian]]
|publisher = West Australian Newspapers Ltd
|page = 139
|date = 1997-05-28
|accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}</ref>

*Every year Perth hosts the [[Hopman Cup]], an international [[tennis]] tournament, generally in the first week of January. This is held at the [[Burswood Dome]], and is broadcast internationally.

*Perth frequently hosts international [[Rugby Union]] games as part of the [[Tri Nations (rugby union)|Tri-Nations]] and [[Bundaberg Rum]] Rugby Series. ([[19 July]] [[2008]] - [[Australia national rugby union team|Wallabies]] Vs [[South Africa national rugby union team|Springboks]]<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.rugby.com.au/fixtures_results/bundaberg_rum_rugby_series/bundaberg_rum_rugby_series,75151.html
|title = Bundaberg Rum Series
|accessdate = 2008-02-26
|date = 2008-01-24
|publisher = [[Australian Rugby Union Limited]]
}}</ref>). Perth hosted a number of games during the [[2003 Rugby World Cup]] and has also hosted other international teams such as [[Ireland national rugby union team|Ireland]].

*Perth is the terminus for the annual [[Avon Descent]], a two-day, 134 kilometre [[white water]] race.<ref name="AvonDescent">{{cite news
|first = Heather
|last = Ramsay
|title = Rivalry on the River
|work = [[Taranaki Daily News]]
|publisher = Fairfax New Zealand Limited
|page = 9
|date = 2006-11-14
|accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}</ref>

*Until 2006, Perth hosted the annual [[Telstra Rally Australia|Rally Australia]].

*From 2006, Perth is now host to the final leg of the [[Red Bull Air Race]] held on a stretch of the Swan River called [[Perth Water]], using Langley Park as a temporary air field. The 2008 qualifying runs will take place [[November 1]], with Race Day on [[November 2]].<ref name="RedBullAirRace">{{cite web
|url = http://www.westernaustralia.com/redbullairrace/Pages/Red_Bull_Air_Race.aspx
|title = Red Bull Air Race, Perth
|accessdate = 2008-02-27
|publisher = [[Tourism Western Australia]]
}}</ref>

*Every summer the [[Australian cricket team]] plays a [[Test cricket|test match]] and a [[one day cricket|one day international]] match at the [[WACA Ground]], as well as a second match between the two touring teams.

*Perth hosts the [[Gravity Games]], an international [[Surface Water Sports|Surface Water Sport]] competition, annually in summer.

Perth also boasts a large river with expansive ski zones which has led to the popularisation of many [[Surface Water Sports]] such as [[Skurfing (sport)|Skurfing]], [[Wakeboarding]], [[Kiteboarding]], [[Water Skiing|Skiing]], [[Biscuiting]] to name just a few.

Several motorsport facilities exist in Perth including [[Perth Motorplex]], catering to drag racing and speedway, and [[Barbagallo Raceway]] for circuit racing and drifting.

[[Image:His Majestys, Perth.jpg|thumb|His Majesty's Theatre]]
[[Image:BarrackStreetPerth01 gobeirne.jpg|thumb|[[Barrack Street, Perth]]]]

===Music and performing arts===
{{Main|Music of Perth}}
{{seealso|List of musical acts from Western Australia}}

[[Perth Concert Hall, Western Australia|Perth Concert Hall]] is the city's main concert venue and hosts theatre, ballet, opera and orchestral performances. Other theatres include an auditorium within the [[Perth Convention Exhibition Centre]] (completed in 2005), the historic [[His Majesty's Theatre, Western Australia|His Majesty's Theatre]] and [[Burswood Dome]], which hosts music concerts. Outdoor concerts are held in Kings Park and [[Subiaco Oval]], and the Convention Centre on the foreshore replaces the Burswood Dome until a more satisfactory building is established.

Because of Perth's relative isolation from other Australian cities overseas artists often exclude it from their Australian tour schedules. This isolation, however, has developed a strong local music scene, leading some to dub Perth the "new [[Seattle]]".<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.westernaustralia.com/en/Things_to_See_and_Do/People_and_Lifestyle/Pages/Creative_WA.aspx
|title = Creative WA
|accessdate = 2007-09-12
|publisher = Tourism Western Australia
}}
</ref>

The three Farriss brothers, who are members of the world renowned band [[INXS]] come from Perth, and original [[AC/DC]] lead singer [[Bon Scott]] was from the Fremantle area.

Perth has been a hotbed of local rock music producing such nationally and internationally respected acts as [[Pendulum (band)|Pendulum]], [[John Butler Trio]], [[Eskimo Joe]], [[End of Fashion]], [[Little Birdy]], [[Jebediah]], [[The Sleepy Jackson]], [[The Panics]], [[The Bank Holidays]], [[Snowman (band)|Snowman]] and [[Birds of Tokyo]]. Whilst the Hip-Hop and R&B scene has seen rise to artists such as [[Che'Nelle]] and [[Samantha Jade]] whom has an international recording contract with America's Virgin Records.{{Fact|date=December 2007}} The local music culture revolves around a series of venues such as [[The Amplifier Bar]] and [[The Rosemount Hotel]].{{Fact|date=December 2007}} The WAMI awards ([[West Australian Music Industry Awards]]), have been acknowledging local music since 1985.{{Fact|date=December 2007}}.

The more popular [[rock concert]]s held in Perth are the [[Big Day Out]] (nationwide) and [[V Festival (Australia)]]. The city is also referenced in the [[Pavement (band)|Pavement]] song "I Love Perth".

Perth has a very changeable and, at times, energetic [[Folk music]] culture. Bands such as The Settlers regularly played at Clancy's Fish Pub in Fremantle and the earlier line ups of the Mucky Duck Bush Band that now has regular bush dances in [[Whiteman Park]]. A favourite spot was the Hayloft in West Perth - home of WA Folk music in the 1970s and later moving to the Peninsula Hotel in [[Maylands, Western Australia|Maylands]]. Perth is also home to a vibrant alternative sexuality music scene, focused especially around such nightclubs as "The Court" and "Connections". It also has a large growing electro indie scene through such nightclubs as "Cassette", the "Brass Monkey" and "Universal Bar". Perth is also known for its thriving Drum & Bass scene and is known as the capital city for Drum & Bass Music in Australia. Perth has produced several big name Drum & Bass producers such as [[Greg Packer (DJ)|Greg Packer]] and [[Pendulum (band)|Pendulum]] who regularly tour overseas.

Models [[Gemma Ward]] and [[Megan Gale]], and actor [[Heath Ledger]], grew up in Perth.

Perth also boasts the internationally regarded [[Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts]] of [[Edith Cowan University]], from which many successful actors and broadcasters have launched their careers, notably actor [[Hugh Jackman]].

Perth is home to the [[West Australian Symphony Orchestra]] which performs a regular programme of orchestral music, usually from its base at the [[Perth Concert Hall]]. The [[Perth International Arts Festival]] also includes music in its schedule. Opera is provided by West Australian Opera.

[http://www.wayma.asn.au WA Youth Music] allows young musicians in Perth to gain performance opportunities by playing in a musical ensemble. The Western Australian Youth Orchestra is WA Youth Music's premier and flagship ensemble, however the organisation offers several other ensembles including the WA Youth Symphonic Band and the WA Youth Chorale. Acceptance is granted to amateur players under the age of 25 years. Auditions are held in November of each year.

===Religion===
<!-- cite http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?&action=404&documentproductno=51&documenttype=Details&tabname=Details&areacode=51&issue=2006&producttype=Community%20Profiles&&producttype=Community%20Profiles&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=PLD&&collection=Census&period=2006&producttype=Community%20Profiles&#Basic%20Community%20Profile Ill factor this in later-->

Perth is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Archdiocese of Perth]]. Roman Catholics make up about 23% of the population, and Catholicism is the most common single denomination. Other forms of [[Christianity]], predominantly [[Anglican]], make up approximately 28% of the population. Approximately one in five people from Perth profess to having no religion, with 11% of people are not specific as to their beliefs. [[Buddhism]] and [[Islam]] each claim more than 20,000 adherents, and Perth is also home to less than 5,000 <!-- see cite above --> [[Latter-Day Saint]]s and the [[Perth Australia Temple]] of the [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]. Perth has one of the larger Jewish populations in Australia, numbering approximately 10,000, with both Orthodox and Progressive Synagogues and a Jewish Day School. The [[Bahá’í]] community in Perth numbers around 1500.

==Infrastructure==
[[Image:GrahamFarmerFreewayTunnel 2005 SeanMcClean.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The Northbridge Tunnel on the [[Graham Farmer Freeway]]]]
[[Image:PerthRailwayStation gobeirne.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Perth railway station|Perth Railway Station]]]]
[[Image:Aerial view of Fremantle.JPG|thumbnail|right|250px|Aerial view of [[Fremantle]] looking east towards Perth]]
===Transport===

{{main|Transport in Perth}}
{{see|Transperth}}

Perth is served by [[Perth Airport]] in the city's east for regional, domestic and international flights and [[Jandakot Airport]] in the city's southern suburbs for general aviation and charter flights.

Perth has a road network with three freeways and nine metropolitan highways.

The Northbridge tunnel, part of the [[Graham Farmer Freeway]], is the only significant road tunnel in Perth.

Perth metropolitan [[public transport]], including [[trains]], [[buses]] and [[ferries]], are provided by [[Transperth]], with links to rural areas provided by [[Transwa]]. There are [[List of Perth railway stations|59 railway stations]] and [[List of Perth bus stations|15 bus stations]] in the metropolitan area. The rail system has recently undergone significant redevelopment, with a new railway line built between Perth and Mandurah which doubled the length of Perth's railways. The railway was opened on [[23 December]] [[2007]], a year after the original deadline.

Recent initiatives include progressive replacement of the bus fleet and the [[SmartRider]] contactless [[smartcard]] ticketing system.
Perth provides [[zero-fare]] bus and train trips around the city centre (the "Free Transit Zone"), including three high-frequency [[Perth Central Area Transit|CAT]] bus routes. Additionally, the rail network has been expanded in the northern and southern suburbs as part of the [[New MetroRail]] project.

The [[Indian Pacific]] passenger rail service connects Perth with Adelaide and Sydney via Kalgoorlie. The [[Transwa Prospector]] passenger rail service connects Perth with Kalgoorlie via several [[Wheatbelt (Western Australia)|Wheatbelt]] towns, while the [[Transwa Australind]] connects to [[Bunbury, Western Australia|Bunbury]], and the [[Transwa Avonlink]] connects to [[Northam, Western Australia|Northam]].

Rail freight terminates at the [[Kewdale Rail Terminal]], 15 kilometres south-east of the city centre.

Perth's main container and passenger port is at Fremantle, 19 kilometres south west at the mouth of the Swan River.<ref>
{{cite web
|url = http://www.fremantleports.com.au/Shipping/Business/PortInformation.asp
|title = Port Information
|accessdate = 2007-04-14
|publisher = [[Fremantle Ports]]
}}</ref> A second port complex is being developed in [[Cockburn Sound]] primarily for the export of bulk commodities.

===Water supply===
[[Image:FremantleMaritimeMuseum2 gobeirne.jpg|right|thumb|400px|The distinctive WA Maritime Museum building on Victoria Quay]]

Reduced rainfall in the region in recent years has lowered inflow to reservoirs by two-thirds over the last 30 years, and affected groundwater levels. Coupled with the city's relatively high growth rate, this had led to concerns that Perth could run out of water in the near future.<ref name="RunOutOfWater">{{cite news
| first = Eloise
| last = Dortch
| title = Plan for a second desalination plant
| work = [[The West Australian]]
| publisher = West Australian Newspapers Ltd
| page = 1
| date = 2005-05-07
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
| quote = A document dated [[January 12]] obtained by The West Australian under Freedom of Information laws shows that the Water Corporation fears Perth will begin running out of water by late 2008 without one of the two developments.
}}</ref> The Western Australian State Government has responded by introducing mandatory household [[Irrigation sprinkler|sprinkler]] [[Water restrictions in Australia|restrictions]] in the city. In November 2006, a [[sea water]] [[desalination]] plant was opened in [[Kwinana]] (see [[Kwinana Desalination Plant]]), able to supply over 45 [[Litre|gigalitres]]<!-- 130 megalitres per day (according to media release) = 47.5 gigalitres per year --> (10 billions [[Imperial unit|imperial]] or 12 billions [[US customary units|U.S.]] [[gallon]]s) of potable water per year;<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.watercorporation.com.au/m/media_detail.cfm?id=3301
|title = Premier opens Australia's first major desalination plant
|accessdate = 2007-04-14
|date = 2006-11-19
|publisher = [[Water Corporation]]
|quote = When fully operational it will produce on average 130 million litres per day and supply 17 per cent of Perth's needs.
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title = Kwinana desalination plant open in months
|url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200609/s1748557.htm
|work = ABC News Online
|publisher = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]
|date = 2006-09-26
|accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}</ref> its power requirements were met by the construction of the [[Emu Downs Wind Farm]] near [[Cervantes, Western Australia|Cervantes]].<ref>{{cite web
|url =
http://www.water-technology.net/projects/perth/
|title = Water Technology - Perth Seawater Desalination Plant, Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO), Kwinana
|accessdate = 2008-02-27
|date = 2007-11-15
|publisher = Water Corporation
}}</ref> Consideration was given to piping water from the [[Kimberley region of Western Australia|Kimberley region]], but the idea was rejected in May 2006 due primarily to its high cost.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://portal.water.wa.gov.au/portal/page/portal/PlanningWaterFuture/Publications/KimberleyWaterSource/Content/FindingsFactsheetApril2006_000.pdf
|title = Kimberley Water Source Project
|accessdate = 2008-02-27
|date = 2006-04-28
|publisher = [[Department of Water]]
|format = PDF
}}</ref> Other proposals under consideration included the controversial extraction of an extra 45 gigalitres of water a year from the [[Yarragadee Aquifer|Yarragadee]] [[aquifer]] in the south-west of the state. However, in May 2007, the state government announced that a second desalination plant will be built at [[Binningup, Western Australia|Binningup]], on the coast between Mandurah and Bunbury. [http://www.watercorporation.com.au/D/desalination_plant2.cfm]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat|Perth, Australia}}
{{Portalpar|Western Australia|Flag of Western Australia.svg}}
* {{wikitravelpar|Perth (Australia)}}
* [http://www.cityofperth.wa.gov.au/ City of Perth website]

{{AustralianCapitalCities}}
{{Commonwealth Games Host Cities}}
{{coord|31|57|8|S|115|51|32|E|type:city|display=title}}

[[Category:Australian capital cities]]
[[Category:Cities in Western Australia]]
[[Category:Coastal cities in Australia]]
[[Category:Perth, Western Australia| ]]
[[Category:Host cities of the Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Settlements established in 1829]]
[[Category:towns and cities with limited zero-fare transport]]

[[af:Perth]]
[[ar:بيرث]]
[[bg:Пърт (Западна Австралия)]]
[[cv:Перт (Австрали хули)]]
[[cs:Perth]]
[[cy:Perth (Awstralia)]]
[[da:Perth (Australien)]]
[[de:Perth]]
[[et:Perth (Austraalia)]]
[[el:Περθ]]
[[es:Perth (Australia)]]
[[eo:Perto]]
[[eu:Perth (Australia)]]
[[fa:پرث]]
[[fr:Perth (Australie-Occidentale)]]
[[ga:Perth]]
[[gd:Peairt, Astràilia]]
[[ko:퍼스 (웨스턴오스트레일리아 주)]]
[[hi:पर्थ]]
[[hr:Perth]]
[[id:Perth, Australia Barat]]
[[it:Perth]]
[[he:פרת']]
[[jv:Perth]]
[[ka:პერტი]]
[[la:Perthia]]
[[lt:Pertas]]
[[lij:Perth]]
[[hu:Perth]]
[[mr:पर्थ]]
[[ms:Perth, Australia Barat]]
[[nl:Perth (Australië)]]
[[ja:パース (西オーストラリア州)]]
[[no:Perth (Australia)]]
[[oc:Perth (Austràlia Occidentala)]]
[[pl:Perth]]
[[pt:Perth (Austrália Ocidental)]]
[[ro:Perth]]
[[ru:Перт (Австралия)]]
[[simple:Perth]]
[[sk:Perth]]
[[sr:Перт]]
[[fi:Perth (Länsi-Australia)]]
[[sv:Perth, Australien]]
[[ta:பேர்த்]]
[[vi:Perth, Tây Úc]]
[[tr:Perth]]
[[uk:Перт]]
[[vo:Perth]]
[[wuu:珀斯]]
[[zh:珀斯]]

Revision as of 02:36, 11 October 2008

October 8 • Idlewild and Soak Zone • Color of the day (police) • Burger King products • The Bellflower Bunnies (season 1)
October 7 • I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings • Keating! • Operation Brevity • List of African countries and dependencies • Supergrass discography
October 6 • List of mayors of Hamburg • History of the National Hockey League (1967–1992)
October 5 • TNA Bound for Glory • List of storms in the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season • Strawberry Fields Forever
October 4 • Arad, Israel • List of Vancouver SkyTrain stations • Ted Bundy
October 3 • Kannada literature in the Western Chalukya Empire • Stephen Crane
October 2 • Corner Gas • 1956 FA Cup Final
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