Maguga Dam: Difference between revisions
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In 1992, the two countries signed a treaty covering the "design, construction, operation and maintenance" of the [[Driekoppies Dam|Driekoppies]] and Maguga Dams.<ref name=KOBWA/> As the former benefited South Africa exclusively (though the resulting reservoir lay partially in Eswatini), South Africa bore the entire cost for that dam.<ref name=KOBWA/> As for the latter, Eswatini was responsible for about 40% of the cost.<ref name=KOBWA/> The dam's primary purpose is [[irrigation]] (for water-intensive [[sugar cane]], forestry and "about 1000 of Eswatini's small farmers"<ref name=CEEEBW>{{cite web |url=http://bankwatch.org/documents/raising_the_bar.pdf |title=Raising the Bar on Big Dams |date=November 2007 |publisher=CEE Bankwatch}}</ref>) but a hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 20 MW (generated from two units, each with a capacity of 9.9 MW<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eec.co.sz/electricity/ |title=How We Generate Electricity |publisher=Eswatini Electricity Company}}</ref>) was to be completed in October 2006.<ref name=UNEP/> |
In 1992, the two countries signed a treaty covering the "design, construction, operation and maintenance" of the [[Driekoppies Dam|Driekoppies]] and Maguga Dams.<ref name=KOBWA/> As the former benefited South Africa exclusively (though the resulting reservoir lay partially in Eswatini), South Africa bore the entire cost for that dam.<ref name=KOBWA/> As for the latter, Eswatini was responsible for about 40% of the cost.<ref name=KOBWA/> The dam's primary purpose is [[irrigation]] (for water-intensive [[sugar cane]], forestry and "about 1000 of Eswatini's small farmers"<ref name=CEEEBW>{{cite web |url=http://bankwatch.org/documents/raising_the_bar.pdf |title=Raising the Bar on Big Dams |date=November 2007 |publisher=CEE Bankwatch}}</ref>) but a hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 20 MW (generated from two units, each with a capacity of 9.9 MW<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eec.co.sz/electricity/ |title=How We Generate Electricity |publisher=Eswatini Electricity Company}}</ref>) was to be completed in October 2006.<ref name=UNEP/> |
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Maguga is a "clay-core rockfill [[embankment dam]]".<ref name=Aurecon/> The dam embankment comprises approximately {{convert|800000|m3}} of clay, {{convert|2800000|m3}} of granite rock and {{convert|43000|m3}} of filter material.<ref name=PressReader>{{cite web |url=http://www.pressreader.com/swaziland/observer-on-saturday/20151107/281702613595032 |title=Drying Up Maguga Dam a Nightmare to Residents |author=Bodwa Mbingo | |
Maguga is a "clay-core rockfill [[embankment dam]]".<ref name=Aurecon/> The dam embankment comprises approximately {{convert|800000|m3}} of clay, {{convert|2800000|m3}} of granite rock and {{convert|43000|m3}} of filter material.<ref name=PressReader>{{cite web |url=http://www.pressreader.com/swaziland/observer-on-saturday/20151107/281702613595032 |title=Drying Up Maguga Dam a Nightmare to Residents |author=Bodwa Mbingo |via=[[PressReader]]}}</ref> It has an overall height of {{convert|115|m}}, a crest length of {{convert|870|m}} and a base width of {{convert|400|m}}.<ref name=PressReader/> It has a capacity of {{convert|332000000|m3}} and a surface area of {{convert|10420000|m3}}.<ref name=FAO/> <!-- Because the dam is located in a region influenced by cyclones, SOURCE NEEDED!--> It has been designed to withstand a probable maximum flood of {{convert|15000|m3/s}}.<ref name=Aurecon>{{cite web |url=http://www.aurecongroup.com/en/projects/water/maguga-dam-on-the-komati-river.aspx |title=Maguga Dam on the Komati River, Swaziland |publisher=[[Aurecon]]}}</ref> There is a {{convert|181|m|adj=on}}-long labyrinth [[spillway]].<ref name=Aurecon/><!-- which is designed to pass a flood of 7800 m³/s without damage representing a return flood of 200 years. SOURCE NEEDED !--> |
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Droughts have caused major problems. In 2007, the dam's capacity was down to 37%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Severe drought looms in Swaziland |newspaper=[[Mail & Guardian]] |agency=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN]] |date=17 September 2007 |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2007-09-17-severe-drought-looms-in-swaziland}}</ref> In 2015, the water levels at the dam were at a record low,<ref name=PressReader/> and on 20 February 2016, the water storage level was measured at 31%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/system/files/documents/files/swaziland_rapid_assessment_summary_report_2016.pdf |title= Swaziland Drought Assessment Report: Rapid Assessment 2015/15 Season |date=March 2016 |publisher=Deputy Prime Minister's Office}}</ref> |
Droughts have caused major problems. In 2007, the dam's capacity was down to 37%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Severe drought looms in Swaziland |newspaper=[[Mail & Guardian]] |agency=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN]] |date=17 September 2007 |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2007-09-17-severe-drought-looms-in-swaziland}}</ref> In 2015, the water levels at the dam were at a record low,<ref name=PressReader/> and on 20 February 2016, the water storage level was measured at 31%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/system/files/documents/files/swaziland_rapid_assessment_summary_report_2016.pdf |title= Swaziland Drought Assessment Report: Rapid Assessment 2015/15 Season |date=March 2016 |publisher=Deputy Prime Minister's Office}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 17:55, 15 February 2023
| Maguga Dam | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Official name | Maguga Dam |
| Location | Hhohho, Eswatini |
| Coordinates | 26°04′37″S 31°15′34″E / 26.07694°S 31.25944°E |
| Opening date | 2001 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | earth-fill/rock-fill |
| Impounds | Komati River |
| Height | 115 m |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Maguga Dam Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 332 000 000 m³ |
The Maguga Dam is a dam on the Komati River in Eswatini.[1] It is 115 metres (377 ft) high and is located about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of Piggs Peak.[2] It was built as a joint project of the governments of South Africa and Eswatini.[1][3] As of 2005, it was the largest public works project ever undertaken by Eswatini.[4] The dam was completed in mid-2001.[3][5]
In 1992, the two countries signed a treaty covering the "design, construction, operation and maintenance" of the Driekoppies and Maguga Dams.[3] As the former benefited South Africa exclusively (though the resulting reservoir lay partially in Eswatini), South Africa bore the entire cost for that dam.[3] As for the latter, Eswatini was responsible for about 40% of the cost.[3] The dam's primary purpose is irrigation (for water-intensive sugar cane, forestry and "about 1000 of Eswatini's small farmers"[6]) but a hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 20 MW (generated from two units, each with a capacity of 9.9 MW[7]) was to be completed in October 2006.[1]
Maguga is a "clay-core rockfill embankment dam".[8] The dam embankment comprises approximately 800,000 cubic metres (28,000,000 cu ft) of clay, 2,800,000 cubic metres (99,000,000 cu ft) of granite rock and 43,000 cubic metres (1,500,000 cu ft) of filter material.[9] It has an overall height of 115 metres (377 ft), a crest length of 870 metres (2,850 ft) and a base width of 400 metres (1,300 ft).[9] It has a capacity of 332,000,000 cubic metres (1.17×1010 cu ft) and a surface area of 10,420,000 cubic metres (368,000,000 cu ft).[5] It has been designed to withstand a probable maximum flood of 15,000 cubic metres per second (530,000 cu ft/s).[8] There is a 181-metre (594 ft)-long labyrinth spillway.[8]
Droughts have caused major problems. In 2007, the dam's capacity was down to 37%.[10] In 2015, the water levels at the dam were at a record low,[9] and on 20 February 2016, the water storage level was measured at 31%.[11]
The project displaced about 1000 people.[6]
The Maguga Dam Joint Venture received a commendation from the South African Association of Consulting Engineers in the category of Engineering Excellence with a value greater than R5 million for 2002.[12] The dam also won the Concrete Society of Southern Africa's 2003 Fulton Award for Civil Engineering Structures.[13]
References
- ^ a b c "Details of submission: Independent Monitoring of Maguga Dam Resettlement". United Nations Environment Programme.
- ^ "Maguga Dam: Mpumalanga_Swaziland (sic)". eWISA, an arm of the Water Institute of Southern Africa.
- ^ a b c d e "Profile: The Komati Basin Water Authority (KOBWA)". Komati Basin Water Authority.
- ^ "Swaziland: New dams to be built to boost irrigation". ReliefWeb. 30 November 2005.
- ^ a b "Swaziland: Water Report 29: 2005". Food and Agriculture Organization. 2005.
- ^ a b "Raising the Bar on Big Dams" (PDF). CEE Bankwatch. November 2007.
- ^ "How We Generate Electricity". Eswatini Electricity Company.
- ^ a b c "Maguga Dam on the Komati River, Swaziland". Aurecon.
- ^ a b c Bodwa Mbingo. "Drying Up Maguga Dam a Nightmare to Residents" – via PressReader.
- ^ "Severe drought looms in Swaziland". Mail & Guardian. IRIN. 17 September 2007.
- ^ "Swaziland Drought Assessment Report: Rapid Assessment 2015/15 Season" (PDF). Deputy Prime Minister's Office. March 2016.
- ^ "Consulting Engineers - We Shape Your World". South African Association of Consulting Engineers. October 2007.
- ^ "Record of the Fulton Award Winners". Concrete Society of Southern Africa.