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| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1701|10|25}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1701|10|25}}
| birth_place = [[Volterra]]
| birth_place = [[Volterra]], [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1785|8|21|1701|10|25}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1785|8|21|1701|10|25}}
| death_place = [[Volterra]]
| death_place = [[Volterra]], [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
| nationality = [[Italy|Italian]]
| nationality = [[Italy|Italian]]
| other_names = Zelalgo Arassiano
| other_names = Zelalgo Arassiano
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'''Mario Guarnacci''' (October 25, 1701 in [[Volterra]], [[Province of Pisa]] – August 21, 1785 in Volterra), was an Italian prelate, archeologist and historian. He was one of the first scholars to carry out systematic excavations of Etruscan tombs.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=[[Emeline Hill Richardson]]|title=Guarnacci, Mario|editor=[[Nancy Thomson de Grummond]]|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the History of Classical Archaeology|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LeE4CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA546|access-date=11 January 2021|isbn=9781134268610}}</ref>
'''Mario Guarnacci''' (October 25, 1701 – August 21, 1785) was an Italian prelate, archeologist, and historian. He was one of the first scholars to carry out systematic excavations of Etruscan tombs.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=[[Emeline Hill Richardson]]|title=Guarnacci, Mario|editor=[[Nancy Thomson de Grummond]]|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the History of Classical Archaeology|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LeE4CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA546|access-date=11 January 2021|isbn=9781134268610}}</ref>


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Mario Guarnacci was born at [[Volterra]], [[Province of Pisa]], one of eight children of a wealthy aristocrat Raffaello Ottaviano, who was gentleman of the chamber of the [[Grand-Duke of Tuscany Cosimo III]] and a commendatore of the [[Order of Saint Stephen]].
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Mario Guarnacci was born at Volterra of a noble and wealthy family. He received the [[doctor's degree]] at [[Florence]], where he pursued the course of [[Anton Maria Salvini]]. He was honored with the favor of [[Pope Benedict XIV]], who charged him to continue [[Alphonsus Ciacconius|Alfonso Chacón]]'s ''Lives of the Popes,'' but he retired in 1757 to his own country. He discovered there the remains of [[Thermae|Roman baths]]. He also made a collection of [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] [[antiquities]], which he bequeathed to his native city. The donation also included a rich library of more than {{formatnum:7000}} volumes.{{sfn|Vannini|2003}} He died August 21, 1785. His most important work was ''Origini Italiche'' (1767), in which he maintained the chronological priority of the [[Etruscan civilization|Etrusco]]-Pelasgians over the other peoples of [[Italy]] and [[Greece]]. According to Guarnacci, the [[Pelasgians|Pelasgian]]-[[Tyrrhenians]] of Italy migrated in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]] and brought an Italic culture to savage and uncouth Greece. Guarnacci's theories gave rise to a lively controversy involving several prominent historians and scholars of the period, such as [[Giovanni Lami]], [[Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei|Scipione Maffei]] and [[Antonio Francesco Gori]].{{sfn|Vannini|2003}}

Mario pursued his first education in Volterra in a school sponsored by the [[Piarists]]. At the age of 17, he pursued studies in Florence under various teachers, including Philosophy and Theology with the Piarists; Mathematics under Lorenzo Lorenzini; and classic literature under [[Anton Maria Salvini]]. Mario would in 1751 submit a short biography of Salvini for the ''Vite degli Arcadi illustri'' published in Rome. Among the student peers of Mario in Florence were the future erudite scholars [[Antonio Francesco Gori|Gori]] and [[Giovanni Lami|Lami]].
In early 1720, he began studies in civil and canon law at the University of Pisa attending lessons by [[Bernardo Tanucci|Tanucci]] and [[Giuseppe Averani|Averani]]. However, he never obtained a degree. He did frequent the scholarly academies of Florence including the Apatisti.

After recovering from a serious illness by 1726, he moved to Rome again to study law, hoping for an appointment with the papal Curia. Fortunately in 1730 the pope [[Clement XII]], from the Florentine Corsini family, appointed a prebend of the Abbey of San Girolamo in Pisa, with a stipend. He received further appointments in 1731 as papal chamberman of honor and auditor for the Cardinal [[Alamanno Salviati]]. In 1733, he was inducted as a Roman priest and in 1734 was a canon of [[San Giovanni in Laterano]]. In the 1740s, [[Pope Benedict XIV]] charged him to continue [[Alphonsus Ciacconius|Alfonso Chacón]]'s ''Lives of the Popes,'', but in 1757, Guarnacci retired back to Volterra. He discovered there the remains of [[Thermae|Roman baths]]. He also collected a large number of [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] [[antiquities]], which he bequeathed to his native city for a public museum, and form the core of the present [[Museo Etrusco Guarnacci]]. The donation also included a rich library of more than {{formatnum:7000}} volumes.{{sfn|Vannini|2003}}

⚫
His most important work was ''Le Origini Italiche'', first published in 1767 in Lucca.<ref>[https://books.google.it/books?id=or4pAAAAYAAJ Origini italiche o siano Memorie istorico-etrusche sopra l'antichissimo regno d'Italia e sopra i di lei primi abitatori nei secoli più remoti], volume 1, by Monsignor Mario Guarnacci, Paolo Giunchi Press, Rome, 1785.</ref> in which he maintained the chronological priority of the [[Etruscan civilization|Etrusco]]-Pelasgians over the other peoples of [[Italy]] and [[Greece]]. According to Guarnacci, the [[Pelasgians|Pelasgian]]-[[Tyrrhenians]] of Italy migrated in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]] and brought an Italic culture to savage and uncouth Greece. Guarnacci's theories gave rise to a lively controversy involving several prominent historians and scholars of the period, such as [[Giovanni Lami]], [[Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei|Scipione Maffei]] and [[Antonio Francesco Gori]].{{sfn|Vannini|2003}}


== Works ==
== Works ==
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== References ==
== References ==
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Latest revision as of 21:00, 17 April 2024

Mario Guarnacci
Mario Guarnacci
Born(1701-10-25)October 25, 1701
Volterra, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Died21 August 1785(1785-08-21) (aged 83)
Volterra, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
NationalityItalian
Other namesZelalgo Arassiano
Occupation(s)archeologist and historian
Known forOrigini Italiche

Mario Guarnacci (October 25, 1701 – August 21, 1785) was an Italian prelate, archeologist, and historian. He was one of the first scholars to carry out systematic excavations of Etruscan tombs.[1]

Biography[edit]

Mario Guarnacci was born at Volterra, Province of Pisa, one of eight children of a wealthy aristocrat Raffaello Ottaviano, who was gentleman of the chamber of the Grand-Duke of Tuscany Cosimo III and a commendatore of the Order of Saint Stephen.

Mario pursued his first education in Volterra in a school sponsored by the Piarists. At the age of 17, he pursued studies in Florence under various teachers, including Philosophy and Theology with the Piarists; Mathematics under Lorenzo Lorenzini; and classic literature under Anton Maria Salvini. Mario would in 1751 submit a short biography of Salvini for the Vite degli Arcadi illustri published in Rome. Among the student peers of Mario in Florence were the future erudite scholars Gori and Lami. In early 1720, he began studies in civil and canon law at the University of Pisa attending lessons by Tanucci and Averani. However, he never obtained a degree. He did frequent the scholarly academies of Florence including the Apatisti.

After recovering from a serious illness by 1726, he moved to Rome again to study law, hoping for an appointment with the papal Curia. Fortunately in 1730 the pope Clement XII, from the Florentine Corsini family, appointed a prebend of the Abbey of San Girolamo in Pisa, with a stipend. He received further appointments in 1731 as papal chamberman of honor and auditor for the Cardinal Alamanno Salviati. In 1733, he was inducted as a Roman priest and in 1734 was a canon of San Giovanni in Laterano. In the 1740s, Pope Benedict XIV charged him to continue Alfonso Chacón's Lives of the Popes,, but in 1757, Guarnacci retired back to Volterra. He discovered there the remains of Roman baths. He also collected a large number of Etruscan antiquities, which he bequeathed to his native city for a public museum, and form the core of the present Museo Etrusco Guarnacci. The donation also included a rich library of more than 7,000 volumes.[2]

His most important work was Le Origini Italiche, first published in 1767 in Lucca.[3] in which he maintained the chronological priority of the Etrusco-Pelasgians over the other peoples of Italy and Greece. According to Guarnacci, the Pelasgian-Tyrrhenians of Italy migrated in prehistoric times and brought an Italic culture to savage and uncouth Greece. Guarnacci's theories gave rise to a lively controversy involving several prominent historians and scholars of the period, such as Giovanni Lami, Scipione Maffei and Antonio Francesco Gori.[2]

Works[edit]

  • Dissertazione sopra le XII Tavole (Florence, 1747);
  • Vitae et Res Gestae Pontificum Romanorum, etc. (Rome, 1751);
  • Origini Italiche (Volterra, 1768);
  • Poesie di Zelalgo Arassiano (Lucca, 1769).

Bibliography[edit]

  • Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from McClintock, John; Strong, James (1867–1887). Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature. Harper and Brothers.
  • Vannini, Fabrizio (2003). "GUARNACCI, Mario". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 60: Grosso–Guglielmo da Forli (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Emeline Hill Richardson (2015). "Guarnacci, Mario". In Nancy Thomson de Grummond (ed.). Encyclopedia of the History of Classical Archaeology. Routledge. ISBN 9781134268610. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  2. ^ a b Vannini 2003.
  3. ^ Origini italiche o siano Memorie istorico-etrusche sopra l'antichissimo regno d'Italia e sopra i di lei primi abitatori nei secoli più remoti, volume 1, by Monsignor Mario Guarnacci, Paolo Giunchi Press, Rome, 1785.


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