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{{short description|Vakataka king}} |
{{short description|Vakataka king}} |
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{{Infobox royalty |
{{Infobox royalty |
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| reign = c. |
| reign = c. 455 – 480 CE |
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| image = |
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| caption = |
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| predecessor = [[Pravarasena II]] |
| predecessor = [[Pravarasena II]] |
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| successor = |
| successor = [[Prithivishena II]] |
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| spouse = |
| spouse = Ajjhitabhattarika |
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| issue = Prithvishena II |
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| dynasty = [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakataka]] |
| dynasty = [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakataka]] |
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}} |
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[[File:India in 477 CE.png|thumb|The Vakatakas in 477 CE, during the reign of Narendrasena]] |
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{{Vakataka Infobox}} |
{{Vakataka Infobox}} |
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'''Narendrasena''' ({{reign|{{circa|455}}|480 CE}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shastri |first1=Ajay Mitra |title=Vakatakas: Sources and History |date=1997 |publisher=Aryan Books International |isbn=9788173051234 |page=212}}</ref>) was a ruler of the Nandivardhana-Pravarapura branch of the [[Vakataka dynasty]]. He succeeded his father [[Pravarasena II]] as Maharaja. |
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'''Narendrasena''' was a powerful [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakataka]] king. He was the son of [[Pravarasena II]], and emerged the victor in a succession struggle following his father's death.<ref name="singh">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Upinder|authorlink1=Upinder Singh|title=A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century|date=2009|publisher=Pearson Longman|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-317-1677-9|pages=482–484|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ|accessdate=10 August 2016}}</ref> He reigned c. 440 – 460 and was succeeded by his son [[Prithvishena II]].<ref name="Wisdomlib">{{cite web |title=Narendrasena: 1 definition |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/narendrasena |website=Wisdomlib |publisher=Wisdomlib |access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref> |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Narendrasena was possibly born to Ajnakabhattarika, who may have been the chief queen of Pravarasena II and is mentioned as the mother of "Narindaraja" (possibly referring to Narendrasena) in a charter from Pravarasena's 16th regnal year.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bakker |first1=Hans |title=The Vakatakas: An Essay in Hindu Iconology |date=1997 |publisher=Egbert Forsten |location=Groningen |isbn=9069801000 |page=24}}</ref> Sometime during his father's reign, Narendrasena was married to a princess named Ajjhitabhattarika who was described as the daughter of the "king of [[Kuntala country|Kuntala]]". It is not known for certain who this "king of Kuntala" was, but he is often identified with the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba]] king [[Kakusthavarma|Kakusthavarman]] who is known to have married his daughters into several prominent royal families.<ref name = "sircar">{{cite book |author1=D.C. Sircar |editor1-last=Majumdar |editor1-first=R.C. |title=The Classical Age |date=1997 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=184 |edition=Fifth}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=A.S. Altekar |editor1-last=Majumdar |editor1-first=R.C. |editor2-last=Altekar |editor2-first=A.S. |title=The Vakataka-Gupta Age |date=2007 |publisher=Motilal Banarsi Dass |isbn=9788120800434 |page=106}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sastri |first1=K.A. Nilakanta |title=A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar |date=1961 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=109 |edition=Third}}</ref> |
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From the Balghat inscription of inscription of [[Pravarasena II]], we come to know that [[Pravarasena II]] entered into a matrimonial alliance with the contemporary [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadambas]]. Narendrasena was married to Ajihata Bhattarika, the daughter of [[Kakusthavarma]] of the [[Kadamba dynasty]].<ref name="daughter">Kamath, S.U. (1980), p. 33</ref><ref name="Kakusthavarma1">Sastri (1955), p. 101</ref><ref name="change">Sen (1999), p. 468</ref><ref name="bhat">Sen (1999), p. 244</ref><ref name="ajji">Majumdar (1986), p.240</ref> <ref name="GK Today">{{cite web |title=Which of the following Kings entered into a matrimonial alliance with the contemporary Kadambas? |url=https://www.gktoday.in/question/which-of-the-following-kings-entered-into-a-matrim |website=GK Today |publisher=GK Today |access-date=26 January 2021 </ref>[[Pravarasena II]]'s death was probably followed by a succession struggle from which Narendrasena, his son emerged as the victor.<ref name="singh">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Upinder|authorlink1=Upinder Singh|title=A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century|date=2009|publisher=Pearson Longman|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-317-1677-9|pages=482–484|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ|accessdate=10 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="Wisdomlib"></ref> |
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==Reign== |
==Reign== |
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The death of Pravarasena II may have been followed by a succession struggle, from which Narendrasena emerged victorious.<ref name="singh">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Upinder |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |date=2016 |publisher=Pearson India Education Services |isbn=9788131716779 |page=484}}</ref> The Vakataka records state that Narendrasena had to "regain the fortunes of his family" after suffering some undisclosed calamity, which several historians have interpreted as referring to this supposed war of succession after his father's death. However, [[Anant Sadashiv Altekar|A.S. Altekar]] argues that the records instead refer to an invasion of the Vakataka realm by the [[Nala dynasty|Nala]] king [[Bhavadattavarman]] of the [[Bastar state|Bastar]] region, who is known to have penetrated deep into [[Vidarbha]] and occupied Nandivardhana, the erstwhile Vakataka capital.<ref name = "altekar">{{cite book |author1=A.S. Altekar |editor1-last=Majumdar |editor1-first=R.C. |editor2-last=Altekar |editor2-first=A.S. |title=The Vakataka-Gupta Age |date=2007 |publisher=Motilal Banarsi Dass |isbn=9788120800434 |pages=106-109}}</ref> Altekar supposes that Narendrasena successfully drove out the Nalas from his kingdom shortly after the death of Bhavadattavarman. |
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When the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]]s became involved in a war against the [[Alchon Huns|Huna invaders]], the [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakatakas]] were free to expand in central India.<ref name="Britannica"></ref> Narendrasena spread the Vakataka influence to [[Kosala]], [[Maikal Hills|Mekala]], and [[Malwa|Malava]]. This however, ultimately brought the Vakatakas into conflict with the [[Nala dynasty|Nalas of Dakshina Kosala]] and caused a setback to the Vakataka family.<ref name="Britannica"></ref> Narendrasena was succeeded by his son, Prithvishena II, who revived the Vakataka power for a short time.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web |title=Vakataka dynasty | Indian history | Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vakataka-dynasty |website=Britannica |publisher=Britannica |access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref> |
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The inscriptions of [[Prithivishena II]], Narendrasena's son and successor, assert that Narendrasena's authority was acknowledged by the rulers of [[Dakshina Kosala|Kosala]], [[Maikal Hills|Mekala]], and [[Malwa|Malava]].<ref name = "sircar" /><ref>Bakker (1997), p. 29</ref> Many historians regard this claim to be an empty boast or exaggeration, but it is possible that Narendrasena had indeed greatly expanded the Vakataka sphere of influence. The [[Gupta empire]], then the hegemonic power in northern India, was embroiled in a war with invading [[Huna people|Huna]] hordes, which left the Vakatakas free to expand into central India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vakataka dynasty {{!}} Indian history {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vakataka-dynasty |website=Britannica |publisher=Britannica |access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref> It is also possible that Narendrasena's prosecution of the war against the Nalas resulted in the further extension of Vakataka authority, especially in the area around present-day [[Chhattisgarh]]. Narendrasena might have invaded the Nala homeland and sacked their capital, for Skandavarman, a brother and successor of Bhavadattavarman, is said to have retrieved the fortunes of his family and had to repopulate his capital.<ref name = "altekar" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Vakataka kings]] |
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==Sources== |
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[[Category:5th-century Indian monarchs]] |
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* {{cite book |last= Kamath|first= Suryanath U.|title= A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present|orig-year=1980|year=2001|publisher= Jupiter Books|location= Bangalore|oclc=7796041}} |
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* {{cite book |last= Sastri|first= Nilakanta K.A.|title= A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|orig-year=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|isbn= 0-19-560686-8}} |
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* {{cite book |last= Sen|first= Sailendra Nath |title= Ancient Indian History and Civilization |orig-year=1999|year=1999|publisher= New Age Publishers|isbn=81-224-1198-3}} |
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* {{cite book |last= Majumdar & Altekar|first= Ramesh Chandra & Ananth Sadashiv |title=Vakataka - Gupta Age Circa 200-550 A.D.|orig-year=1986|year=1986|publisher= Motilal Banarasidass Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-208-0026-5}} |
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Latest revision as of 16:10, 2 November 2023
| Narendrasena | |
|---|---|
| Reign | c. 455 – 480 CE |
| Predecessor | Pravarasena II |
| Successor | Prithivishena II |
| Spouse | Ajjhitabhattarika |
| Dynasty | Vakataka |
| Vakataka dynasty c. 250 - 510 CE | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Nandivardhana-Pravarapura Branch | ||||||||||||||||
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| Vatsagulma Branch | ||||||||||||||||
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Narendrasena (r. c. 455 – 480 CE[1]) was a ruler of the Nandivardhana-Pravarapura branch of the Vakataka dynasty. He succeeded his father Pravarasena II as Maharaja.
Early life[edit]
Narendrasena was possibly born to Ajnakabhattarika, who may have been the chief queen of Pravarasena II and is mentioned as the mother of "Narindaraja" (possibly referring to Narendrasena) in a charter from Pravarasena's 16th regnal year.[2] Sometime during his father's reign, Narendrasena was married to a princess named Ajjhitabhattarika who was described as the daughter of the "king of Kuntala". It is not known for certain who this "king of Kuntala" was, but he is often identified with the Kadamba king Kakusthavarman who is known to have married his daughters into several prominent royal families.[3][4][5]
Reign[edit]
The death of Pravarasena II may have been followed by a succession struggle, from which Narendrasena emerged victorious.[6] The Vakataka records state that Narendrasena had to "regain the fortunes of his family" after suffering some undisclosed calamity, which several historians have interpreted as referring to this supposed war of succession after his father's death. However, A.S. Altekar argues that the records instead refer to an invasion of the Vakataka realm by the Nala king Bhavadattavarman of the Bastar region, who is known to have penetrated deep into Vidarbha and occupied Nandivardhana, the erstwhile Vakataka capital.[7] Altekar supposes that Narendrasena successfully drove out the Nalas from his kingdom shortly after the death of Bhavadattavarman.
The inscriptions of Prithivishena II, Narendrasena's son and successor, assert that Narendrasena's authority was acknowledged by the rulers of Kosala, Mekala, and Malava.[3][8] Many historians regard this claim to be an empty boast or exaggeration, but it is possible that Narendrasena had indeed greatly expanded the Vakataka sphere of influence. The Gupta empire, then the hegemonic power in northern India, was embroiled in a war with invading Huna hordes, which left the Vakatakas free to expand into central India.[9] It is also possible that Narendrasena's prosecution of the war against the Nalas resulted in the further extension of Vakataka authority, especially in the area around present-day Chhattisgarh. Narendrasena might have invaded the Nala homeland and sacked their capital, for Skandavarman, a brother and successor of Bhavadattavarman, is said to have retrieved the fortunes of his family and had to repopulate his capital.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ Shastri, Ajay Mitra (1997). Vakatakas: Sources and History. Aryan Books International. p. 212. ISBN 9788173051234.
- ^ Bakker, Hans (1997). The Vakatakas: An Essay in Hindu Iconology. Groningen: Egbert Forsten. p. 24. ISBN 9069801000.
- ^ a b D.C. Sircar (1997). Majumdar, R.C. (ed.). The Classical Age (Fifth ed.). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 184.
- ^ A.S. Altekar (2007). Majumdar, R.C.; Altekar, A.S. (eds.). The Vakataka-Gupta Age. Motilal Banarsi Dass. p. 106. ISBN 9788120800434.
- ^ Sastri, K.A. Nilakanta (1961). A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar (Third ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 109.
- ^ Singh, Upinder (2016). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson India Education Services. p. 484. ISBN 9788131716779.
- ^ a b A.S. Altekar (2007). Majumdar, R.C.; Altekar, A.S. (eds.). The Vakataka-Gupta Age. Motilal Banarsi Dass. pp. 106–109. ISBN 9788120800434.
- ^ Bakker (1997), p. 29
- ^ "Vakataka dynasty | Indian history | Britannica". Britannica. Britannica. Retrieved 26 January 2021.