National Library of Brazil

Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil
Aerial view of the library
Location	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Established	1810 (1810)
Collection
Size	9,000,000 Items
Access and use
Population served	open to the public
Other information
Director	Helena Severo (chief executive, since 2016)
Website	www.bn.br

Main entrance to the Library

The Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil (English: National Library of Brazil) is the depository of the bibliographic and documentary heritage of Brazil. It is located in Rio de Janeiro, at Cinelândia square.

The largest library in Latin America and the 7th largest in the world, its collections include about 9 million items. It organized the first library science courses in Latin America and its staff has led the modernization of library services, including the development of online databases.

History

The history of the National Library began on 1 November 1755, when Lisbon suffered a violent earthquake. The Royal Library was considered one of the most important libraries in Europe at that time. This irreparable loss to the Portuguese was the impetus for moving many of its contents to Brazil. The collection was brought in three stages, the first being in 1810 and two in 1811. The library of 60,000 books was accommodated initially in the upstairs rooms of the Third Order of Carmel Hospital (in accordance with the charter of July 27, 1810), located in the old back street of Carmel close to the Imperial Palace. The facilities, however, were considered inadequate and could jeopardize valuable collection as well. Therefore, on October 29, 1810, a date that was assigned to the official founding of the National Library, Prince Regent John (later King John VI of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves) issued a decree which provided that a royal library should be established from the funds of the royal treasury.

In 1911, Manoel Cicero Peregrino da Silva started a national union catalog for all Brazilian libraries. He set up the first library science course in South America. Many librarians went on to study in European and North American universities.

Legal deposit

In 1907, presidential Decree no. 1825 established the duty of all publishers to send one copy of each publication to then-called Bibliotheca Nacional. In 2004, this decree was revoked by congressional Law no. 10,994, still in force, upholding the same mandate but updating its provisions.

Article 1st of Law no. 10,994 specifies that the legal deposit's aim is "to ensure the registration and custody of national intellectual production, to allow for the control, development and spreading of current Brazilian bibliography, and to defend and preserve national language and culture."

Significant collections

Among the significant collections of the National Library of Brazil is the Teresa Cristina Maria photograph collection, which includes 21,742 photographs dating from the nineteenth century. These photographs were left to the Library by Emperor Pedro II in 1891. This collection has been inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2003 in recognition of its world significance and outstanding universal value. It features images related to Brazil's history and people from the 19th century, including photographs by Moritz Lamberg. There are also photographs from Africa, North America, and Europe.

Gallery

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  Photograph of the National Library, c. 1920
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  Facade
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  The Library as seen from the Municipal Theatre
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  The main staircase with a bust of King John VI
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  Stained glass ceiling
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  Entrance Hall
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  Entrance Hall
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  Entrance Hall: ceiling

List of Former Directors

(incomplete list)

• Frei Camilo de Monserrate (29 April 1853 to 19 November 1870) Template:Pt icon
• Benjamin Franklin Ramiz Galvão Template:Pt icon
• João Saldanha da Gama
• F. L. Bitencourt Sampaio
• Francisco Mendes da Rocha
• Raul Pompeia
• José Alexandre Teixeira de Melo Template:Pt icon (1895-1900)
• Manuel Cícero Peregrino da Silva Template:Pt icon (1900-1924)
• Mario Behring (interim, 1923)
• Aurélio Lopes de Souza
• Basílio de Magalhães
• Rodolfo Garcia Template:Pt icon (1932-1945)
• Rubens Borba de Moraes Template:Pt icon (1945-1947)
• Josué Montello Template:Pt icon (1947-1953)
• Eugênio Gomes Template:Pt icon (1951-1956)
• Adonias Aguiar Filho Template:Pt icon
• Jannice Monte-Mór
• Plínio Doyle Template:Pt icon
• Celia Ribeiro Zaher
• Affonso Romano de Sant'Anna (1990-1996)
• Eduardo Portella (1996-2002)
• Pedro Corrêa do Lago (2003-2005)
• Muniz Sodré Template:Pt icon (2009-2011) Template:Pt icon
• Galeno Amorim (2011-2013)
• Renato Lessa (2013-2016)
• Helena Porto Severo da Costa (2016 - current) Template:Pt icon

See also

• Legal deposit
• National library
• Minuscule 2437

External links

• Official site Template:Pt icon
• Encarta (Archived 2009-11-01)