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'''''Neocinnamomum''''' (新樟属, ''xin zhang shu'') is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Lauraceae]].
'''''Neocinnamomum''''' (新樟属, ''xin zhang shu'') is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Lauraceae]]. They are [[evergreen]] shrubs or small trees, indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.
The genus Neocinnamomum includes about 7 species of [[evergreen]], semi-evergreen or [[deciduous]] [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s, which includes several plants of commercial importance. They are indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.
<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/viewTrees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref><ref name=FOC2>[http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/pdf/pdf07/Neocinnamomum.pdf Flora of China]</ref><ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref>
<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/viewTrees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref><ref name=FOC2>[http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/pdf/pdf07/Neocinnamomum.pdf Flora of China]</ref><ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref>
The ''Neocinnamomum'' species grow in habitats of lowlands, from the lower to the middle mountain zone, semi evergreen forest, moist deciduous forest, and [[Cloud Forest]] as South [[Orissa]] (Kalahandi, Koraput, Gajapati and Raygada) <ref>http://www.vasundharaorissa.org/Research%20Reports/Report%20of%20Biodiversity%20of%20South%20Orissa.pdf</ref> The species are important and conspicuous trees in many of their native [[ecosystem]]s and they are know only from tropical Asia. ''Neocinnamomum'' species are equipped with [[Mycorrhiza]], establishing a [[symbiosis|symbiotic]] relationship with mycorrhizal fungi and receiving from determinated fungus species, mainly mineral nutrients and water.
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The fossil record suggests that both ''Neocinnamomum'' and the related genus ''[[Caryodaphnopsis]]'' have an ancient [[Laurasia|Laurasian]] origin.<ref>http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Chanderbali_et_alAMBG2001.pdf</ref>


''Neocinnamomum'' require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold.<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref> They occupy mid to high elevations<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref> and montane [[laurel forests]].<ref name=newsletter>[http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/Volume1number2/Neocinnamomum.html Newsletter of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden]</ref> The leaves are shiny and leathery. Some species have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus is indifferent to soil type growing in rocky grounds, waterlogged and marshy areas even.
''Neocinnamomum'' require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold.<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref> They occupy mid to high elevations<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref> and montane [[laurel forests]].<ref name=newsletter>[http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/Volume1number2/Neocinnamomum.html Newsletter of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden]</ref>


''Neocinnamomum'' leaves resemble those of true cinnamon (''[[Cinnamomum]]'') in possessing strongly three-veined blades, but they are arranged alternately rather than oppositely.<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref>
''Neocinnamomum'' leaves resemble those of true cinnamon (''[[Cinnamomum]]'') in possessing strongly three-veined blades, but they are arranged alternately rather than oppositely.<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref>
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The flowers are very small and bisexual.<ref name=FOC2/><ref name=Wang/><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the Arnold Arboretum|year=1939|author=Caroline K. Allen|title=Studies in ''Cinnamomum'' and ''Neocinnamomum''|volume=20|pages=44–63|url=http://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_35196_studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939/studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939#page/n13/mode/2up}}</ref> The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".<ref name=Wang>{{cite journal|author=Wang, Z.-h.; Li, J.; Conran, J.; Li, H.-w.|year=2010|title=Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus ''Neocinnamomum'' H. Liu (Lauraceae)|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|volume=290|issue=1|pages=173–184|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0359-1}}</ref> Pollination is by insects.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Susan S. Renner|year=2004|title=Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present|journal=Biologiske Skrifter|volume=55|pages=441–458|url=http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Laurales%20clocks2005.pdf}}</ref> The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit<ref>http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf</ref> which are berry-like [[drupes]].<ref name=FOC2/> The red fruits of N.caudatum are eaten by human Garo tribes in India.<ref>http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf</ref> The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.<ref name=FOC2/>
The [[flower]]s are small and fragrant and borne in [[panicle]]s. The tree ''Neocinnamomum mekongense'' is a species that grows in the Butterfly Spring in the mountains north of [[Dali, Yunnan|Dali]], China. Masses of [[butterflies]] congregate on its branches in the springtime making it a popular tourist destination.
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The flowers are very small and bisexual.<ref name=FOC2/><ref name=Wang/><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the Arnold Arboretum|year=1939|author=Caroline K. Allen|title=Studies in ''Cinnamomum'' and ''Neocinnamomum''|volume=20|pages=44–63|url=http://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_35196_studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939/studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939#page/n13/mode/2up}}</ref> The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".<ref name=Wang>{{cite journal|author=Wang, Z.-h.; Li, J.; Conran, J.; Li, H.-w.|year=2010|title=Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus ''Neocinnamomum'' H. Liu (Lauraceae)|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|volume=290|issue=1|pages=173–184|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0359-1}}</ref> Pollination is by insects.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Susan S. Renner|year=2004|title=Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present|journal=Biologiske Skrifter|volume=55|pages=441–458|url=http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Laurales%20clocks2005.pdf}}</ref> The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit<ref>http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf</ref> which are berry-like [[drupes]]. In favorable growing conditions, a plant may produce thousands of fruits, most of which are eaten by birds. The fruits are berries mostly striking narrow and ellipsoid, sometimes crateriform as in Neocinnamomum fargesii, sometimes red when ripe, sometimes with a cup and an [[acorn]] shape as in Neocinnamomum caudatum.<ref name=FOC2/> The red fruits of N.caudatum are eaten by human Garo tribes in India.<ref>http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf</ref> The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.<ref name=FOC2/>


''N. mekongense'' is a species that grows in the mountains north of [[Dali, Yunnan|Dali]], China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from extrafloral nectaries.<ref>[http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Plantae/Neocinnamomum_Genus.asp Zipcode Zoo]</ref>
''N. mekongense'' is a species that grows in the mountains north of [[Dali, Yunnan|Dali]], China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from extrafloral nectaries.<ref>[http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Plantae/Neocinnamomum_Genus.asp Zipcode Zoo]</ref>


⚫
The fossil record suggests that both ''Neocinnamomum'' and the related genus ''[[Caryodaphnopsis]]'' have an ancient [[Laurasia|Laurasian]] origin.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}<ref>http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Chanderbali_et_alAMBG2001.pdf</ref>
==Species{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}==
==Species{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}==
* ''[[Neocinnamomum caudatum]]'' (Nees) Merrill
* ''[[Neocinnamomum caudatum]]'' (Nees) Merrill

Revision as of 15:54, 3 June 2012

Neocinnamomum
Neocinnamomum delavayi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Magnoliids
Order:
Laurales
Family:
Lauraceae
Genus:
Neocinnamomum

Species

See text

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neocinnamomum.

Neocinnamomum (新樟属, xin zhang shu) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lauraceae. They are evergreen shrubs or small trees, indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. [1][2][3]

Neocinnamomum require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold.[4] They occupy mid to high elevations[5] and montane laurel forests.[6]

Neocinnamomum leaves resemble those of true cinnamon (Cinnamomum) in possessing strongly three-veined blades, but they are arranged alternately rather than oppositely.[7] The flowers are very small and bisexual.[2][8][9] The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".[8] Pollination is by insects.[10] The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit[11] which are berry-like drupes.[2] The red fruits of N.caudatum are eaten by human Garo tribes in India.[12] The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.[2]

N. mekongense is a species that grows in the mountains north of Dali, China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from extrafloral nectaries.[13]

The fossil record suggests that both Neocinnamomum and the related genus Caryodaphnopsis have an ancient Laurasian origin.[citation needed][14]

Species[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/viewTrees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  2. ^ a b c d Flora of China
  3. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  4. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  5. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  6. ^ Newsletter of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden
  7. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  8. ^ a b Wang, Z.-h.; Li, J.; Conran, J.; Li, H.-w. (2010). "Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus Neocinnamomum H. Liu (Lauraceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 290 (1): 173–184.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Caroline K. Allen (1939). "Studies in Cinnamomum and Neocinnamomum". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 20: 44–63.
  10. ^ Susan S. Renner (2004). "Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present" (PDF). Biologiske Skrifter. 55: 441–458.
  11. ^ http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf
  12. ^ http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf
  13. ^ Zipcode Zoo
  14. ^ http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Chanderbali_et_alAMBG2001.pdf


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