Bharatiya Janata Party and Manzoor Hussain (field hockey): Difference between pages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Difference between pages)
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m Reverted 1 edit by 122.163.118.136 identified as vandalism to last revision by 202.54.176.51. (TW)
 
Yaminjanjua (talk | contribs)
2,051 edits
No edit summary
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{MedalTableTop|Manzoor Hussain.jpg|100px}}
{{For|2001 Documentary film|Beyond Jurassic Park}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Field Hockey]]}}
{{Infobox Indian_Political_Party
{{MedalCountry | the {{PAK}} }}
| party_name = Bharatiya Janata Party
{{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}}
| party_logo = [[Image:BJP-flag.svg|center|200px]]
{{MedalBronze|[[1976 Summer Olympics|1976 Montreal]]|[[Field hockey at the 1976 Summer Olympics|Team]]}}
| chairman = [[Rajnath Singh]]
{{MedalGold|[[1984 Summer Olympics|1984 Los Angeles]]|[[Field hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Team]]}}
| secretary = [[Arun Jaitley]]
{{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey World Cup]]}}
| ppchairman = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
{{MedalSilver|[[Hockey World Cup|1975 Kuala Lumpur]]|Team}}
| loksabha_leader = [[Lal Krishna Advani]] (Opposition)
{{MedalGold|[[Hockey World Cup|1978 Buenos Aires]]|Team}}
| rajyasabha_leader = [[Jaswant Singh]] (Opposition)
{{MedalGold|[[Hockey World Cup|1982 Mumbai]]|Team}}
| foundation = 1980
{{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey_at_the_Asian_Games|Asian Games]]}}
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
{{MedalGold|[[1978 Asian Games]]|Team}}
| loksabha_seats = 138
{{MedalGold|[[1982 Asian Games]]|Team}}
| rajyasabha_seats = 48
{{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
| ideology = [[Hindutva]]<br>[[Indian nationalism]]<br>[[Integral humanism]]<br>[[Conservatism]]
{{MedalGold|[[Hockey Asia Cup|1982 Asia Cup]]|Team}}
| fiscalpolicy = [[Centre-Right]]
{{MedalCompetition|[[Champions Trophy (field hockey)|Champions Trophy ]]}}
| socialpolicy = [[Centre-Right]]
{{MedalGold|[[Champions Trophy (field hockey)|1978 Champions Trophy]]|Team}}
| headquarters = 11, Ashoka Road,<br> [[New Delhi]] - 110001
{{MedalGold|[[Champions Trophy (field hockey)|1979 Champions Trophy]]|Team}}
| publication = BJP Today
{{MedalBottom}}
| website = [http://bjp.org/ http://bjp.org]
}}
The '''Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)''' ({{lang-hi|भारतीय जनता पार्टी [भाजपा]}}, [[translation]]: ''Indian People's Party''), founded in 1980, is a major [[political party]] of [[India]]. Alleged to represent the country's [[Hinduism|majority community]] and [[Centre-right]] in nature, the party advocates [[Conservatism|conservative]] social policies, self reliance, robust economic growth, foreign policy driven by a nationalist agenda, and strong national defense. The party has a strong relation with the [[Sangh Parivar]], in which the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] plays a leading role.


'''Manzoor Hussain ''' is a famous [[hockey]] player from [[Pakistan]]. He was born at [[Sialkot]].
The BJP, in alliance with several other parties, was in power from 1998 to 2004, with [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] as the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] and [[Lal Krishna Advani]] as his deputy. It is the biggest constituent of the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] which currently is in the opposition.


A forward, Manzoor Hussain played between 1975 and 1984, he was capped 175 times with 86 goals. He won Bronze in the 1976 Olympics and Gold at the 1984 Olympics. Manzoor was twice a runner-up at the World Cup, but went one better at the 1982 World Cup where he helped Pakistan win the title.
==History==
{{Hindu politics}}
===Origins===
The BJP is a direct successor of The [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] (BJS, ''Indian People's Union''), founded in 1951 by [[Syama Prasad Mookerjee]], a nationalist leader, former Union Minister and freedom-fighter. It was considered the political wing of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]. But the fortunes of the young party took a dip in 1953, when Mookherjee was jailed in [[Kashmir]] by then Indian Prime Minister, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. After his death in custody, the BJS lasted for 24 more years, but never seriously challenged the power of [[Indian National Congress]], the only well-structured political party since India's independence. It did however groom future political leaders like [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] and [[Lal Krishna Advani]].


==See also==
When [[Indira Gandhi]] imposed a [[state of emergency]] in 1975, postponing elections and misusing major central powers granted to her by the [[Constitution of India|Constitution]], the BJS joined a coalition of parties in active protest. Several of its
*[[Pakistan Hockey Federation]]
leaders were arrested. But when elections were called in 1977, the BJS invested all its political and organizational
capital in merging into the new [[Janata Party]], a unified opposition party. A mixture of socialists, regionalists, and former Congressmen, the party was united in it's opposition to the Emergency and Indira Gandhi. The Janata Party defeated Indira Gandhi's Congress Party in a landslide victory and formed a government under [[Morarji Desai]]'s leadership. Vajpayee, the most senior BJS leader, became [[Minister for External Affairs]], while [[Lal Krishna Advani]] became the Minister for Information and Broadcasting.


==External links==
The Janata Party government lasted for only two years, and following its collapse, [[Indira Gandhi]]'s Congress
* [http://www.pakistan-hockey.com/ Pakistan Hockey Website]
came back to power. When the Janata Party imploded, the nucleus of the BJS reorganised themselves.


{{DEFAULTSORT:Hussai, Manzoor}}
===Early years===
[[Category:Living people]]
The BJP was founded in December 1980, under the direct leadership of Vajpayee and Advani. In the 1984 [[Lok Sabha]] elections, the BJP got only 2 seats out of 543. However, in the following 1989 Lok Sabha elections, the BJP obtained 88 seats and it supported the [[Janata Dal]]-led coalition of [[V.P. Singh]]. On [[October 23]], [[1990]], Advani was arrested by the Chief Minister of Bihar, [[Laloo Prasad Yadav]], due to his agitation for the construction of the Ram Janmabhoomi temple in [[Ayodhya]], and as a result the BJP
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
withdrew its support of the government and it fell.
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1976 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1984 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for Pakistan]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani field hockey players]]
[[Category:People from Sialkot]]


{{Pakistan-sport-bio-stub}}
After the 1991 Lok Sabha elections, the BJP became the premier opposition party, and the Congress government functioned as a minority. During this time, the [[Janata Dal]], the other major offshoot of the [[Janata Party]], saw itself crumble into regional factions, and many leaders opted for the BJP.
{{Asia-Olympic-medalist-stub}}

{{fieldhockey-bio-stub}}
===The First BJP Government (May 16 - 31st, 1996)===
In 1996, the BJP became the single-largest political party in the parliament, with the Congress at its lowest tally ever. The [[President of India]], [[Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma]], appointed Vajpayee as [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] although he could not enlist the support of 271 MPs in the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9605/15/india/index.html CNN - Vajpayee becomes India's prime minister - May 15, 1996<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> However, non-Congress, non-BJP parties were able to gain a majority of support and so Vajpayee was obliged to resign after serving the shortest time as prime minister in India - 13 days. A broad centre-left coalition government that proved its majority known as the [[United Front (India)|United Front]] took over.

===The Second BJP Government (March 19, 1998 - October 13, 1999)===
Lok Sabha elections were again held in 1998, and the NDA [[National Democratic Alliance]] obtained a simple majority. This time, the BJP (NDA) had allied with the [[AIADMK]] and the [[Biju Janata Dal]] besides its existing allies, the [[Samata Party]], the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] and [[Shiv Sena]]. Outside support was provided by the [[Telugu Desam Party]]. The NDA had a slim majority, and Vajpayee returned as Prime Minister. [http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/mar/28bjp.htm] But the coalition ruptured in May 1999 when the leader of [[AIADMK]], [[Jayalalitha]], withdrew her support, and fresh elections were again called.

The NDA government provided significant support to the [[Prasar Bharati]] Act which gave government owned media channels more autonomy. The Act had been passed by the [[National Front (India)|National Front]] government with BJP support.

The new Government carried out an electoral promise with the 5 [[nuclear weapon|nuclear tests]] at [[Pokhran]], in [[Rajasthan]] in 1998, which gave India a weaponised nuclear capacity. <ref>[http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaShakti.html India's Nuclear Weapons Program - Operation Shakti: 1998<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

===The Third BJP Government (October 13, 1999 - May 13, 2004)===
On [[October 13]], [[1999]], the BJP-led NDA won 303 seats. The BJP won an all-time high of 183. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for the third time in his life, and Advani became the Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister. This NDA Government lasted its term of five years. Vajpayee and his economic team, led by Finance Minister [[Yashwant Sinha]], continued the policies initiated by the previous Congress Government under P V Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh, pushed through major privatizations of big government corporations, the liberalization of trade under [[World Trade Organization]] rules, [[airline deregulation|opening the skies to commercial airlines]], foreign investment and ownership and developed "Special Economic Zones" where industries could enjoy special infrastructure. The government especially catered to the rising [[information technology]] industry, and lowered taxes for middle-class Indians and businesses. Record increases in agricultural and industrial production were matched by hungry middle-class consumers, and increasing foreign trade and investment.Vajpayee took a personal interest in the [[Golden Quadrilateral]] project, a road system which aimed at linking the four corners of the nation with heavy, industrial roads. His education programs boosted the enrollment of children into primary schools, expanded aid for schools and pushed new-age technologies to improve schooling.<ref> [http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/04/22/stories/2004042203061200.htm Along the Golden Quadrilateral, it's Vajpayee all the way] </ref>

The Vajpayee administration also oversaw the country's intelligence and defense lapses<ref>http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jul/26karg1.htm</ref><ref>http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/oct/28karg.htm</ref> preceding the [[Kargil War]] which ultimately led to the death of 524 Indian soldiers in the subsequent Indian military campaign (Kargil War) to recover lost ground on the Indian side of the [[Line of Control]]<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/kargil-99.htm</ref> under harsh conditions and recovered the strategic mountain posts from Pakistani irregulars who had occupied them. The opposition parties campaigned against the government accusing the government for not taking timely action despite being in the know of Pakistan's game plan at least a year in advance. <ref>http://www.india-today.com/itoday/19990809/defence.</ref>

Earlier, in December 1999, the party had severely been criticized for its conduct, when the then External Affairs Minister, [[Jaswant Singh]], personally escorted three terrorists to Kandahar <ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2024/stories/20031205003003400.htm The Kandahar plot<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> in return for the hostages on board a hijacked aircraft. The terrorists included Omar Ahmed Sheikh (involved in the killing of Daniel Pearl <ref>[http://swadeshe.wordpress.com/2006/07/21/jaswant-singh-revisits-khandahar/ Jaswant Singh revisits Kandahar… « Swadeshe<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>) and Jaish-e-Mohammad chief, Mohammad Azhar.

The government was also unable to prevent or abort Akshardham, Raghunath Mandir, the Parliament and Red Fort attacks. [[Afzal Guru]], convicted in the Parliament House attack case, had been arrested and let off two months before the incident took place<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080208/main5.htm The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.

Subsequently, in 2002, the [[Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act]] law increasing the [[police state|powers of police]] authorities and intelligence agencies was passed in an effort to curb subversive political activities and terrorism. The POTA was promulgated chiefly in response to the [[December 13]] [[2001]] terrorist attacks on the Union Parliament. [http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/document/actandordinances/POTA.htm]. It was subsequently repealed by the [[UPA]] government in 2004.

In 2001, the Tehelka sting operation caught the BJP president, [[Bangaru Laxman]], accepting Rs 1 [[lakh]] in cash from journalists pretending to be defence dealers. The grainy spy-cam video clip of Laxman putting the cash in a drawer became a symbol of political corruption. No action was taken against Laxman till the UPA came to power in 2004, when CBI booked five corruption cases related to the Tehelka sting, including the one against Laxman. The trial is still on.<ref>bangaru laxman corruption| http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Sting_MPs_cannot_be_charged_for_taking_bribe/articleshow/3266838.cms</ref>. The [[Tehelka]] scam severely affected the credibility of the NDA Government and saw the Congress and its allies boycotting Parliament. As a result, BJP President, [[Bangaru Laxman]], and the Defense Minister, [[George Fernandes]] were forced to resign. 7 months later, the controversial minister was reinstated by the prime minister Atal Behari Vajpayee<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1599812.stm BBC News | SOUTH ASIA | Controversial Indian minister reinstated<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.

===After the 2004 General Election===
The BJP and the NDA suffered a shock defeat in the [[Indian general elections, 2004|general elections in 2004]], and failed to muster a parliamentary majority. A.B. Vajpayee passed on the prime ministership to Dr. [[Manmohan Singh]] of the [[Congress Party]], and its [[United Progressive Alliance]].

After the defeat was clear, several prominent BJP members including [[Sushma Swaraj]] and [[L.K. Advani]], protested that Sonia Gandhi should not be permitted to hold the Prime Minister's office because of her Italian birth and her failure to take Indian citizenship for almost 15 years after her wedding to [[Rajiv Gandhi]] in spite of her claims to have "become an Indian in her heart the day she became [[Indira Gandhi]]'s daughter-in-law". [http://sify.com/news_info/fullstory.php?id=13477292]

Independent analysts saw the defeat arising from a backlash by large classes of people who had not benefitted from the economic growth as well as a failure by the party to secure strong allies. The BJP slogan of "[[India Shining]]" and the "Feel Good Factor" boomeranged. Nevertheless, the defeat was incomprehensible to some pollsters and political analysts, who assumed that the BJP would win on the basis of Vajpayee's popularity, the national economic stability and the revival of the peace process with Pakistan. Following the defeat, there was a perception amongst parts of the party cadre that the party had expected victory to come easy and thus volunteers of the organisation had not worked hard enough to canvass voters and recruit supporters, and that the political campaign of BJP had remained confined to television, radio and SMS (mobile phones). There was also a belief that socio-religious organizations close to the BJP (the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] and [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]]), offered little assistance in these elections, due to the BJP government's non-pursuit of the [[Ayodhya temple]] issue, uniform civil code, and other ideological staples, and the attitude of many BJP leaders that the BJP did not require their aid to be successful. The most plausible theory is that India's elections are still on the basis of local factors. The BJP did well in states where it had recently won or where there was anti-incumbency (I.E. Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Karnataka, Rajastan, Chattisgarh), but was badly beaten in states where it tied up with unpopular ruling parties (I.E. the AIADMK in Tamil Nadu and TDP in Andhra Pradesh). Caste combinations were another factor in its loss.

[[Image:Bjpdurgapur.JPG|thumb|left|BJP election poster 2004 in [[Bengali language|Bengali]].]]

===Achievements===
Vajpayee was responsible for three efforts to build peaceful relations with Pakistan. In 1999, he rode on the inaugural Delhi-Lahore bus, and signed the [[Lahore Declaration]] with the Pakistani Prime Minister, committing India to peace. In 2001 Vajpayee invited Pakistan's military ruler, [[Pervez Musharraf]], to Delhi, though the summit failed. And despite the terrorist attacks that froze relations for two and a half years, Vajpayee, in a speech to Parliament in August 2003, spoke of his "absolute last attempt of my life" to foster peace with Pakistan, de-freezing relations and invoking praise from world leaders.

In 2004, the Government signed the [[South Asia Free Trade Agreement]] with [[Pakistan]], [[Nepal]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[the Maldives]], a decision intended to vastly benefit over 1.6 billion people.

BJP's political alliances and their consequent dilution of [[hindutva]] ideology created a noticeable rift between the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] and the Bharatiya Janata Party in ideological terms.<ref>http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/16/stories/2005041603301000.htm The sangh parivar and the candid camera</ref> The RSS, from where a good deal of BJP leaders have migrated, has sought the party to take a more aggressive stand on ideological issues such as the building of the Ayodhya mandir and the adoption of a [[Uniform Civil Code]]. It prefers a [[swadeshi]] economic model of "Hindu socialism".The BJP as part of [[NDA]] while in power at the Centre could not pursue ideological tenets such as Ayodhya or the Civil Code to ensure that its allies continued their support.

===Key Events===
2004: <br />
* Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister [[Uma Bharati]] resigns as she is charged in a dated case related to hoisting the Indian tricolour in a minority area.
* Party President [[Venkaiah Naidu]] quits, paving the way for [[Lal Krishna Advani]] to take up the post.
2005:<br />
* The BJP derives political mileage out of the Congress party's use of governors to bring down its government in Goa, and preventing it from forming a government in Jharkhand and Bihar post-elections. The BJP eventually forms a government in Jharkhand and wins a second set of elections in Bihar with the JD(U).
* During a visit to Pakistan, party President LK Advani creates controversy he names the country's founder, Muhammed Ali Jinnah, "secular". The impending flack from his party leads to the premature end of his tenure at the end of the year.
* The party faces embarrassment in a sting operation where journalists offer money to MP's to raise questions in Parliament<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Sting_MPs_cannot_be_charged_for_taking_bribe/articleshow/3266838.cms Sting MPs cannot be charged for taking bribe-India-The Times of India<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. Six of the ten expelled parliamentarians are from the party.
2006 <br />
* [[Rajnath Singh]], a former Union Minister and [[Uttar Pradesh]] Chief Minister, takes over as BJP Party President.
* Former Chief Ministers Uma Bharati (Madhya Pradesh), Babulal Marandi (Jharkhand) and Madan Lal Khurana (Delhi) officially leave the BJP to float their own political fronts.
* The BJP aligns with the [[JD(S)]] to form a coalition in [[Karnataka]], its first government in South India.
* An array of opposition parties engineer the collapse of the Arjun Munda government in Jharkhand and prop up an independent BJP rebel, Madhu Koda, as Chief Minister.
* Former Union Minister and urban face of the BJP, [[Pramod Mahajan]], is shot dead by his own brother.
2007: <br />
* The BJP-SAD alliance regains power in Punjab, with the BJP winning almost all of its contested seats. In Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, the BJP regains power from the Congress, and posts its fourth consecutive victory in Gujarat. However, the party faces a major setback in [[Uttar Pradesh]], where its tally dips to its lowest in 20 years and its traditional vote banks are eroded. The BJP-Shiv Sena alliance retain power in Mumbai's municipal corporation, while the BJP regains power in the [[Delhi municipal corporation]].
* The Janata Dal (Secular) refuses to hand over the Chief Minister's post to the BJP as agreed upon, leading to the downfall of the alliance government in Karnataka. After the JD(S) decides to reverse its decision, B.S. Yediyurappa becomes the BJP's first southern CM. When the JD(S) once again goes back on its word after a week, Yediyurappa resigns.
* The party faces more tragedy as former Delhi CM [[Sahib Singh Verma]] dies in a road accident and former party President [[Jana Krishnamurthy]] passes away.
* The party approves of 33% reservation for women in all bodies of the party, including the National Executive, the first party in India to put forward such a measure.
* The party formally declares Leader of the Opposition, Lal Krishna Advani, as BJP's Prime Ministerial Candidate.
* [[Narendra Modi]] successfully fights anti-incumbency to win a third term in office as the Chief-minister of [[Gujarat]].
* The party captures power in [[Himachal Pradesh]], ousting the [[Indian National Congress]], with [[Prem Kumar Dhumal]] becoming the [[Chief Minister]].
* According to [[Tamil Nadu]] state BJP president L. Ganesan , BJP would form an alliance with [[AIADMK]] before the 2009 Tamil Nadu polls.
2008: <br/>
* [[B. S. Yeddyurappa]] leads BJP in Karnataka to victory in the [[Karnataka state assembly elections, 2008|2008 Karnataka state elections]] gaining just 3 seats short of a majority. It is a historical win for BJP as it was able to form a government in South India without a Coalition and the victory is considered as Gateway to South-India by Party President Rajnath Singh.

== Organisation ==
The BJP is one of the few parties in India to have a popular-based governing structure, where workers and leaders at the local level have a great say in much of the decision-making. This has also been blamed for public spats between different factions of the party.

The highest authority in the party is the [[President]]. Officially, the BJP constitution provides for a three-year term for the President. Recently, both [[Venkaiah Naidu]] and [[LK Advani]] resigned ahead of schedule due to circumstances. Rajnath Singh has held this post since January 2006. Beyond this, there are several Vice-Presidents, General-Secretaries, Treasurers and Secretaries. The National Executive consists of an undetermined number of senior party leaders from across the nation who are the highest decision-making body in the party. At the state level, a similar structure is in place, with every state unit being led by the respective President, who also officially serves a three-year term.

The rank-and-file leadership of BJP largely derives from the cadre of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), which has millions of affiliates. It also maintains close links to other Sangh Parivar organisations, such as [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]] and [[Swadeshi Jagaran Manch]] (an organisation promoting consumption of domestic goods over foreign imports).

Mass organisations associated with the BJP include:
*[[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] (All-India Students' Council)
*[[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]] (Indian People's Youth Front)
*[[Bharatiya Kisan Sangh]] (India Peasants' Union)
*[[Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh]] (Indian Workers' Union)
*[[BJP Mahila Morcha]] (Indian Popular Women's Front)
*[[BJP Minority Morcha]] (Indian Popular Minority Front)

Outside of India, BJP followers have formed the 'Overseas Friends of BJP'.

==Ideology : Objectives and policies==
{{POV-section|date=August 2008}}
BJP is often described as centre-right in nature. The concept of [[Hindutva]] has a special place in its ideology, with the party aiming to transform India in to a modern, progressive and enlightened nation which draws inspiration from India's ancient Hindu culture and values. As per the party's constitution the objectives of the party are explained thus:

"The party is pledged to build up India as a strong and prosperous nation, which is modern, progressive and enlightened in outlook and which proudly draws inspiration from India's ancient culture and values and thus is able to emerge as a great world power playing an effective role in the comity of Nations for the establishment of world peace and a just international order. The Party aims at establishing a democratic state which guarantees to all citizens irrespective of caste, creed or sex, political, social and economic justice, equality of opportunity and liberty of faith and expression.
The Party shall bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established and to the principles of socialism, secularism and democracy and would uphold the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India."

Some of the professed goals of the BJP are:

#'''The Repeal of Article 370 of the Constitution''', which prevents non-Kashmiris, including Hindus who have fled the area due to increasing terrorism, from owning property in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir]].
#'''The Promulgation of a [[Uniform Civil Code|Uniform Common Civil Code]]''', which create only one personal and civil law code for Hindus, Muslims and Christians, who enjoy the privilege of having law codes tailored to their religious culture over personal and family matters. In the minds of BJP supporters, this system creates a sense of division in the country between religious communities.
#'''A Ban on Cow Slaughter''', to honor the Hindu tradition of deeming [[sacred cow|cows and most cattle as sacred]], and prohibiting the consumption of beef and pork.
#'''The Ban on Forcible Religious Conversions'''
#'''The Construction of the [[Ram Janmabhoomi]] temple in [[Ayodhya]]'''.
#'''To achieve the full territorial and political integration of [[Jammu]] and [[Kashmir]] with India'''. Presently over 40% of the territory is under the control of [[Pakistan]] and [[China]].

The BJP stands for strong [[national defense]], [[small government]] and [[free-market]] economic policies, but [[Hindutva]] and [[Integral humanism]] have been its core philosophy and identity ever since its inception. The BJP stand on economic policies saw a sudden volte face in the mid nineties from a support of [[swadeshi]] products to the embracing of free market ideas.

Another important factor is the ongoing territorial dispute over [[Jammu and Kashmir]] and the wars of 1947-48, 1962, 1965, and 1971 and recently the 1999 [[Kargil]] War. The BJP and its supporters feel India must remain vigilant against threats from [[Pakistan]], the [[People's Republic of China]], and elsewhere such as [[Bangladesh]] and even LTTE from [[Sri Lanka]]{{Fact|date=December 2007}}{{Or|date=December 2007}}.

Economic policy under BJP-led governments at the state and centre has been heavily focused on infrastructure building and pro-reform, market-oriented economic growth.

==Controversies and criticism==
The BJP has been accused of [[xenophobia]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}} and [[fascism]], being inherently [[anti-Muslim]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}, and harboring [[anti-Christian sentiment]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}, claims that are refuted by the party<ref>http://www.penguinbooksindia.com/AuthorLounge/AuthorDetail.asp?aid=3104 Profile], Jyotirmaya Sharma</ref><ref>[http://www.hindu.com/br/2005/09/27/stories/2005092700171600.htm Hindu Nationalist Politics],J. Sharma ''Times of India''</ref>

===Ramjanmabhoomi===
The party has been criticized for its direct involvement in the movement which culminated in the destruction of the disputed structure called [[Babri Masjid]] in favor of building the [[Ram Janmabhoomi]] temple. However, BJP said that it wanted the demolition of Babri Mosque throgh lawful process. <ref>BJP website: We all wanted it removed respectfully and through due process of law. What actually happened was no part of our plan.....Thus, the seeds of today's Hindu Jagriti (awakening) were created the very instance that an invader threatened the fabric of Hindu society which was religious tolerance. The vibrancy of Hindu society was noticeable at all times in that despite such barbarism from the Islamic hordes of central Asia and Turkey, Hindus never played with the same rules that Muslims did... The destruction of the structure at Ayodhya was the release of the history that Indians had not fully come to terms with. Thousands of years of anger and shame, so diligently bottled up by these same interests, was released when the first piece of the so-called Babri Masjid was torn down... The future of Bharat is set. Hindutva is here to stay... Hindutva will not mean any Hindu theocracy or theology. However, it will mean that the guiding principles of Bharat will come from two of the great teachings of the Vedas, the ancient Hindu and Indian scriptures".</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bjp.org/history/htvintro-mm-1.htm|title=HINDUTVA: THE GREAT NATIONALIST IDEOLOGY|accessdate=2007-08-24|publisher=[[BJP.org]]}}</ref></blockquote>

===Communal violence===
In 2002, The BJP had to deal with communal clashes that took place in [[Gujarat]], after an attack by a Muslim mob on a train comprising mostly of Hindu pilgrims.<ref>'Scores killed in Indian Train Attack - BBC News' http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1843591.stm. Retrieved on 2008-06-20</ref>. The nature of the fire on the train has been a matter of dispute with some contending that it was instead an accident. As a result, communal clashes erupted in [[Gujarat]] with the Muslim minority being targeted by mobs for retribution. The state government of [[Gujarat]], in BJP control under the leadership of [[Narendra Modi]], has been accused of helping the Hindu mobs, a charge it denies. The National Human Rights Commission criticized the government, pointing to "a comprehensive failure on the part of the State Government of Gujarat to control persistent violations of rights"<ref>'We have no orders to save you.' Human Rights watch (2005). Retrieved on 2006-11-02.</ref>, while a judicial commission headed by [[G.T. Nanavati]], a former chief justice of the Indian Supreme Court, constituted to examine allegations of Gujarat state administration's involvement in the riots of 2002 said that there was no evidence to implicate either Modi or his administration in the riots.<ref> 'No police lapse in Gujarat riots: Justice Nanavati.' (2003) http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/may/18guj.htm. Retrieved on 2008-06-20 </ref> Nevertheless, the central BJP-led government in [[Delhi]] condemned and called an end to the sectarian violence. Some of its [[National Democratic Alliance]] allies demande Modi's resignation and he did so before his party came to power again in the next election obtaining 127 seats out of the 184 seat legislative assembly.<ref> 'Election Commission of India - 2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election Results.' http://archive.eci.gov.in/Decse2002/index_st.htm. Retrieved on 2008-06-20</ref> The issue is hotly-debated with one side contending that Narendra Modi and the BJP encouraged sectarian hatred, while the BJP itself vehemently denies the charge calling it politically-motivated posturing for Muslim votes.<ref> 'UPA government, not Narendra Modi, is ‘merchant of death,’ says Advani. (2007)' http://www.thehindu.com/2007/12/10/stories/2007121061351400.htm. Retrieved on 2008-06-20</ref> This issue was brought to the forefront when [[Sonia Gandhi]], the leader of the Indian National Congress, called [[Narendra Modi]] a 'merchant of fear and death'<ref>'Sonia dubs Modi govt 'merchant of death'(2007).' http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14569721. Retrieved on 2008-06-20.</ref> in her party's 2007 [[Gujarat]] legislative assembly election campaign, a election which the BJP won again with a significant majority (117 out of 182 seats).<ref> '2007 Gujarat Assembly Election Results.'http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/gujarat/election-result-07.html. Retrieved on 2008-06-20.</ref>.

===Infighting===
The party has seen the rise of regional 'personality' politicians with their own followers, and instances of infighting amongst the central leaders were publicized by the media. <ref>http://www.flonnet.com/fl2301/stories/20060127004502700.htm A legacy of duplicity</ref>The aggressive courtship of celebrities, industrialists, sportspersons and other popular figures by the BJP has been a bone of contention with the RSS. After the BJP lost at the centre, some party leaders believed the reluctance of the RSS and its associate organizations to support an ideologically different party had led to the loss. This eventually led to the emergence of Rajnath Singh, a leader very close to the RSS, to the party President's post in 2006.
<ref>http://www.flonnet.com/fl2223/stories/20051118003603300.htm A message from Chitrakoot </ref>Unfortunately, his tactics of re-involving the RSS at every level of election management was disastrous in his native Uttar Pradesh, while strategies based around personality politics and economic reform led to victories in four other states that same year. Following this turn of events, the RSS publicly announced it would further limit its involvement in the BJP's decision-making process. <ref>http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JA08Df04.html The colossus of Gujarat.</ref>

===India shining advertisements===
There has been controversy over the [[India Shining]] advertisements as whether the governments, States or Centre are not permitted to use taxpayer’s money to promote any political gain. The BJP government has spent an approximate cost of [[Rs.]] 500 [[crores]] for the advertisements campaign during 2004 Parliament elections. <ref>http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/feb/21guest.htm India shining has Mr Joshi worried.</ref> <ref>http://www.indiatogether.org/2004/feb/edt-shining.htm Govt shining, Media mining.</ref>

==Organisation Leadership==
===President===
* [[Rajesh Reddy]] - 2024 -till date

===Former Presidents===
* [[Lal Krishna Advani]] - 2004-2005
* [[Venkaiah Naidu]] - 2002-2004
* [[Jana Krishnamurthi]] - 2001-2002
* [[Bangaru Laxman]] - 2000-2001
* [[Kushabhau Thakre]] - 1998-2000
* [[Lal Krishna Advani]] - 1993-1998
* [[Murli Manohar Joshi]] - 1991-1993
* [[Lal Krishna Advani]] - 1986 - 1991
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] - 1980-1986

===Leader of the Opposition, Rajya Sabha===
* [[Jaswant Singh]]

=== Vice-Presidents (12) ===
* [[Kalyan Singh]]
* [[Balasaheb Apte]]
* [[Shanta Kumar]]
* [[Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi]]
* [[Karuna Shukla]]
* [[Kailash Meghwal]]
* [[Jual Oram]]
* [[Yashwant Sinha]]
* [[Vikram Verma]]
* [[Bijoya Chakravarty]]
* [[Jayawantiben Mehta]]
* [[Anita Arya]]

===General Secretaries (6)===
* [[Arun Jaitley]]
* [[Ananth Kumar]]
* [[Vijay Goel]]
* [[Gopinath Munde]]
* [[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]
* [[Vinay Katiyar]]

=== Treasurer ===
* [[Ramdas Aggarwal]]

=== Secretaries (11) ===
* [[Vijay Goel]]
* [[Indrasena Reddy]]
* [[Dharmendra Pradhan]]
* [[Balbir Punj]]
* [[Su. Thirunavukkarasar]]
* [[Kanjibhai Patel]]
* [[Prabhat Jha]]
* [[Kiren Rijiju]]
* [[Kiran Ghai]]
* [[Smriti Irani]]
* [[Saroj Pandey]]
* [[Sudha Yadav]]

=== Chief Ministers and Deputy Chief Ministers ===
* [[Narendra Modi]],CM,Gujarat
*[[B. S. Yeddyurappa]],CM,Karnataka
* [[Prem Kumar Dhumal]],CM,Himachal Pradesh
* [[Vasundhara Raje]],CM,Rajasthan
* [[Shivraj Singh Chauhan]],CM,Madhya Pradesh
* [[Raman Singh]],CM,Chattisgarh
* [[B. C. Khanduri]],CM,Uttarakhand
* [[Sushil Kumar Modi]],DCM,Bihar

* The BJP is participating in coalition governments in Punjab and Orissa but it does not hold the Deputy Chief Minister's post. It's legislative parties are led by [[Manoranjan Kalia]] and Vishwa Bhusan Harichandran, respectively.

== Notable Public Figures In The Party ==
{{Refimprovesect|date=September 2008}}
The BJP has a number of prominent public figures among its members, who have either campaigned for, contested elections for or held office for the party. The induction of celebrities into the party helped the party receive extra attention from the media and the public, but it has also received criticism from others, who have claimed that the celebrities knew little about politics or would create an image of elitism for the party.

* Film and television stars: [[Juhi Chawla]], [[Hema Malini]], [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Dharmendra]], [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Vijayashanti]], [[Soundarya]], [[Poonam Dhillon]], [[Smriti Irani]], [[Manoj Kumar]], [[Apra Mehta]], [[Jitendra]], [[Raveena Tandon]], [[Mukesh Khanna]], [[Vani Tripathi]], [[Dara Singh]], [[Pankaj Dheer]], [[Sudha Chandran]], [[Aman Varma]], [[Gajendra Chauhan]] and [[Suresh Oberoi]]

* Sportspersons: [[Jaspal Rana]], [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]], [[Raj Singh Dungarpur]], [[Chetan Chauhan]], and [[Kris Srikkanth]]

* Singers: [[Bhupendra Hazarika]], [[Anup Jalota]], and [[Kumar Sanu]]

* Fashion Designer [[Shaina NC]]

* Former Miss World [[Yukta Mookhey]]

''Heirs to prominent political families:''
* [[Sumitra Kulkarni]], granddaughter of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
* [[Sunil Shastri]] and [[Neera Shastri]], son and daughter-in-law of [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
* [[Ashok Ambedkar]], grandson of [[B.R. Ambedkar]]
* [[Maneka Gandhi]] and [[Varun Gandhi]], daughter-in-law and grandson of [[Indira Gandhi]]
* [[Arun Nehru]], nephew of [[Indira Gandhi]]
* [[Najma Heptullah]], grand-niece of [[Maulana Azad]]
* [[Lalitha Kumaramangalam]], granddaughter of [[Dr. Subbarayan]]
* [[Vasundhara Raje]] and [[Yashodhara Raje]], daughters of [[Vijayaraje Scindia]]
* [[Bhanu Prakash Mirdha]], grandson of [[Baldev Ram Mirdha]]

==Current BJP Administrations in the States==
[[Image:Indian states by political parties.PNG|right|thumb|BJP-ruled states]]
'''BJP-Ruled States Without Outside Support'''
* [[Himachal Pradesh]] Won 41 seats out of 68 seats
* [[Chattisgarh]] won 51 seats out of 90 seats
* [[Gujarat]] won 117 seats out of 182 seats
* [[Madhya Pradesh]] won 173 seats out of 230 seats
* [[Rajasthan]] won 120 seats out of 200 seats
* [[Karnataka]] won 110 seats out of 224 seats (''6 Independents gave support'')

'''Head of a Coalition Government'''
* [[Uttarakhand]] won 36 seats out of 70 seats (Allied with the [[Uttarakhand Kranti Dal]] and three independents). The BJP won its 36th seat when bye elections were held on [[August 29]]. Uttarakhand Chief Minister B.C. Khanduri won this seat. While the BJP now holds a majority in Uttarakhand, outside support for the government from the [[Uttarakhand Kranti Dal]] and three independents will continue.

'''Junior Partner in a Coalition With a [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance Partner (NDA)]]'''
* [[Bihar]] (Allied with the [[Janata Dal (United)]])
* [[Orissa]] won 32 seats out of 147 seats (Allied with the [[Biju Janata Dal]])
* [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] won 19 seats out of 117 seats (Allied with the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]])

'''Junior Partner in a Coalition With a Non [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance Partner
(NDA)]]'''
* [[Nagaland]] : part of [[Democratic Alliance of Nagaland]]
* [[Meghalaya]] : part of [[Meghalaya Progressive Alliance]]
Historically, the BJP has either led or allied to form state governments in: [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Chattisgarh]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Karnataka]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Manipur]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Nagaland]], [[Orissa]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Uttarakhand]]. It has also held power in the Union Territory of [[Delhi]], one of two Union Territories to have a Legislature.

The BJP has never taken part in a state government in: [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Assam]], [[Jammu & Kashmir]], [[Kerala]], [[Mizoram]], [[Sikkim]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Tripura]] and [[West Bengal]], although in a few of these states, it has extended outside support to a ruling government. In most of these states, it has at least won some local elections.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[List of BJP MPs in the 14th Lok Sabha]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.bjp.org Official site of Bharatiya Janata Party]
* [http://www.bjpkarnataka.org/ Official site of Bharatiya Janata Party,Karnataka Unit]
* [http://www.bjptn.org Official site of Bharatiya Janata Party, Tamil Nadu Unit]
* [http://www.bjpguj.org Official site of Bharatiya Janata Party,Gujarat Unit]
* [http://bjppunjab.org/ BJP - Punjab Unit]
*[http://www.bjpfriends.org/ BJP friends]
*[http://www.ofbjp.org/ BJP Overseas friends]
*[http://www.ofbjp-usa.org/html/index.php Overseas friends of BJP - USA]
*[http://www.hvk.org Hindu Vivek Kendra]
*[http://www.hinduonnet.com/elections2004/verdict2004/02hdline.htm The Hindu: Statistical Analysis of 2004 Elections]
*[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2004/03/12/stories/2004031202250300.htm Stars give polls a shine]
*[http://www.hinduonnet.com/2008/02/23/stories/2008022358370300.htm The BJP and the AIADMK have similar ideals , L. Ganesan, BJP Tamil Nadu State president]
*[http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200801141967.htm Not ruling out an alliance with the AIADMK
{{Indian political parties}}
{{Sangh Parivar}}

[[Category:Political parties in India]]
[[Category:Sangh Parivar]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party|*]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1980]]
[[Category:Hindu political parties]]

[[ar:بهارتيه جنتا بارتي]]
[[bn:ভারতীয় জনতা পার্টি]]
[[be:Бхаратыя джаната парты]]
[[de:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[es:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[fa:حزب خلق هند]]
[[fr:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[ko:인도인민당]]
[[hi:भारतीय जनता पार्टी]]
[[id:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[it:Partito del Popolo Indiano]]
[[kn:ಭಾರತೀಯ ಜನತಾ ಪಕ್ಷ]]
[[ml:ഭാരതീയ ജനതാ പാര്‍ട്ടി]]
[[mr:भारतीय जनता पक्ष]]
[[nl:Bharatiya Janatapartij]]
[[ne:भारतीय जनता पार्टी]]
[[ja:インド人民党]]
[[pms:BJP]]
[[pl:Indyjska Partia Ludowa]]
[[pt:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[ro:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[ru:Бхаратия Джаната Парти]]
[[fi:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[sv:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[tl:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[ta:பாரதிய ஜனதா கட்சி]]
[[te:భారతీయ జనతా పార్టీ]]
[[tr:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[zh:印度人民党]]

Revision as of 13:34, 11 October 2008

Manzoor Hussain
File:Manzoor Hussain.jpg
Medal record
Men's Field Hockey
Representing the  Pakistan
Olympic Games
Bronze medal – third place 1976 Montreal Team
Gold medal – first place 1984 Los Angeles Team
Hockey World Cup
Silver medal – second place 1975 Kuala Lumpur Team
Gold medal – first place 1978 Buenos Aires Team
Gold medal – first place 1982 Mumbai Team
Asian Games
Gold medal – first place 1978 Asian Games Team
Gold medal – first place 1982 Asian Games Team
Asia Cup
Gold medal – first place 1982 Asia Cup Team
Champions Trophy
Gold medal – first place 1978 Champions Trophy Team
Gold medal – first place 1979 Champions Trophy Team

Manzoor Hussain is a famous hockey player from Pakistan. He was born at Sialkot.

A forward, Manzoor Hussain played between 1975 and 1984, he was capped 175 times with 86 goals. He won Bronze in the 1976 Olympics and Gold at the 1984 Olympics. Manzoor was twice a runner-up at the World Cup, but went one better at the 1982 World Cup where he helped Pakistan win the title.

See also

External links

Flag of PakistanSoccer icon

This biographical article related to Pakistani sports is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Stub icon

This article about an Asian Olympic medalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Stub icon

This biographical article related to field hockey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Party&oldid=244566300"