Parkinsonism: Difference between revisions

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* Drug-induced parkinsonism (due to drugs such as [[antipsychotics]], [[metoclopramide]], [[MPTP]]<ref name=Watanabe_2005>{{cite journal | author = Watanabe Y, Himeda T, Araki T | title = Mechanisms of MPTP toxicity and their implications for therapy of Parkinson's disease | journal = Med. Sci. Monit. | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = RA17-23 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15614202 | doi = }}</ref>)<ref name=Aminoff_2005/>
* Drug-induced parkinsonism (due to drugs such as [[antipsychotics]], [[metoclopramide]], [[MPTP]]<ref name=Watanabe_2005>{{cite journal | author = Watanabe Y, Himeda T, Araki T | title = Mechanisms of MPTP toxicity and their implications for therapy of Parkinson's disease | journal = Med. Sci. Monit. | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = RA17-23 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15614202 | doi = }}</ref>)<ref name=Aminoff_2005/>
* [[Encephalitis]] lethargica<ref name=Aminoff_2005/>
* [[Encephalitis]] lethargica<ref name=Aminoff_2005/>
* [[Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome]]<ref name=Uc_2003>{{cite journal | author = Uc EY, Rodnitzky RL | title = Childhood dystonia | journal = Seminars in pediatric neurology | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 52-61 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12785748 | doi = }}</ref>
* [[Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome]]
* [[Multiple system atrophy]]<ref name=Wenning_2003>{{cite journal | author = Wenning GK, Geser F | title = Multiple system atrophy | journal = Rev. Neurol. (Paris) | volume = 159 | issue = 5 Pt 2 | pages = 3S31-8 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12773886 | doi = }}</ref>
* [[Multiple system atrophy]]
* [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]]
* [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]]
* Toxicity (due to substances such as [[Manganism|manganese]], [[toluene]], [[paraquat]], [[rotenone]], [[hexane]], [[carbon monoxide]], and [[carbon disulfide]]){{cn}}
* Toxicity (due to substances such as [[Manganism|manganese]], [[toluene]], [[paraquat]], [[rotenone]], [[hexane]], [[carbon monoxide]], and [[carbon disulfide]]){{cn}}
* Vascular parkinsonism<ref name=Thanvi_2005>{{cite journal | author = Thanvi B, Lo N, Robinson T | title = Vascular parkinsonism--an important cause of parkinsonism in older people | journal = Age and ageing | volume = 34 | issue = 2 | pages = 114-9 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15713855 | doi = 10.1093/ageing/afi025}}</ref>
* Vascular parkinsonism<ref name=Thanvi_2005>{{cite journal | author = Thanvi B, Lo N, Robinson T | title = Vascular parkinsonism--an important cause of parkinsonism in older people | journal = Age and ageing | volume = 34 | issue = 2 | pages = 114-9 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15713855 | doi = 10.1093/ageing/afi025}}</ref>
* [[Wilson's disease]]. Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder in which there is an abnormal accumulation of copper. The excess copper can lead to the formation of a copper-dopamine complex, which leads to the oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome.
* [[Wilson's disease]].<ref name=Uc_2003/> Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder in which there is an abnormal accumulation of copper. The excess copper can lead to the formation of a copper-dopamine complex, which leads to the oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 02:32, 9 June 2007

Parkinsonism
SpecialtyNeurology Edit this on Wikidata

Parkinsonism (also known as Parkinson's syndrome, atypical Parkinson's, or secondary Parkinson's) is a syndrome characterized by tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural instability.[1] While Parkinson's disease (PD) — a neurodegenerative condition — is the most common cause of parkinsonism, a number of other etiologies can lead to similar symptoms.[2]

The underlying causes of parkinsonism are numerous and diagnosis can be complex.[3] If PD has been excluded, the differential diagnosis or list of potential causes for this disease includes:

References

  1. ^ a b c Aminoff MJ, Greenberg DA, Simon RP (2005). Clinical Neurology (6th ed. ed.). Lange: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 0071423605. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Christine CW, Aminoff MJ (2004). "Clinical differentiation of parkinsonian syndromes: prognostic and therapeutic relevance". Am. J. Med. 117 (6): 412–9. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.03.032. PMID 15380498.
  3. ^ Tuite PJ, Krawczewski K (2007). "Parkinsonism: a review-of-systems approach to diagnosis". Seminars in neurology. 27 (2): 113–22. doi:10.1055/s-2007-971174. PMID 17390256.
  4. ^ Tse W, Cersosimo MG, Gracies JM, Morgello S, Olanow CW, Koller W (2004). "Movement disorders and AIDS: a review". Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 10 (6): 323–34. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.03.001. PMID 15261874.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Maltête D, Guyant-Maréchal L, Mihout B, Hannequin D (2006). "Movement disorders and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a review". Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 12 (2): 65–71. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.10.004. PMID 16364674.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Watanabe Y, Himeda T, Araki T (2005). "Mechanisms of MPTP toxicity and their implications for therapy of Parkinson's disease". Med. Sci. Monit. 11 (1): RA17-23. PMID 15614202.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b Uc EY, Rodnitzky RL (2003). "Childhood dystonia". Seminars in pediatric neurology. 10 (1): 52–61. PMID 12785748.
  8. ^ Wenning GK, Geser F (2003). "Multiple system atrophy". Rev. Neurol. (Paris). 159 (5 Pt 2): 3S31-8. PMID 12773886.
  9. ^ Thanvi B, Lo N, Robinson T (2005). "Vascular parkinsonism--an important cause of parkinsonism in older people". Age and ageing. 34 (2): 114–9. doi:10.1093/ageing/afi025. PMID 15713855.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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