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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name=R.35
| name=R.35
| image=Renard R.35 3-view L'Aerophile June 1937.jpg
| image=
| caption=
| caption=
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
| type=Airliner
| type=Airliner
| national origin=Belgium
| national origin=Belgium
| manufacturer=[[Constructions Aéronautiques G. Renard|Renard]]
| manufacturer=[[Alfred Renard#Renard Constructions Aéronautiques|Renard]]
| designer=Alfred Renard
| designer=Alfred Renard
| first flight=1 April 1938
| first flight=1 April 1938
Line 19: Line 19:
}}
}}
|}
|}
The '''Renard R.35''' was a prototype [[Cabin pressurization|pressurised]] [[airliner]] of the 1930s built by the [[Belgium|Belgian]] company Constructions Aéronautiques G. Renard. A three-engined low-winged [[monoplane]] with retractable undercarriage, the R.35 was destroyed in a crash on its first flight.
The '''Renard R.35''' was a prototype [[Cabin pressurization|pressurised]] [[airliner]] of the 1930s built by the [[Belgium|Belgian]] aircraft manufacturer ''[[Alfred Renard#Renard Constructions Aéronautiques|Constructions Aéronautiques G. Renard]]''. A [[Trimotor|three-engined]] low-winged [[monoplane]] with retractable undercarriage, the R.35 was destroyed in a crash on its first flight.

==Development and design==
==Development and design==
In 1935, Alfred Renard, chief designer and co-founder of the Renard company, started design of a pressurised airliner for use by [[SABENA]] on its routes to the [[Belgian Congo]]. Renard designed a low-winged monoplane of all-metal construction, powered by three engines as required by SABENA, and received an order for a single prototype on 3 April 1936.<ref name="De Wulf p147-8"> De Wulf 1978, pp. 147-148.</ref> The R.35 had a circular section fuselage, housing a pressurised cabin which accommodated twenty passengers and a flight crew of three. It was intended to be powered by a range of radial engines with the 950&nbsp;hp (709&nbsp;kW) [[Gnome-Rhône Mistral Major|Gnome-Rhône 14K]] preferred by Renard, but the prototype was fitted with 750&nbsp;hp (560&nbsp;kW) [[Gnome-Rhône 9K]] engines.<ref name="De Wulf p148"> De Wulf 1978, p.148.</ref><ref name="aerostories p2"/>


In 1935, Alfred Renard, chief designer and co-founder of the Renard company, started design of a pressurised airliner for use by [[SABENA]] on its routes to the [[Belgian Congo]]. Renard designed a low-winged monoplane of all-metal construction, powered by three engines as required by SABENA, and received an order for a single prototype on 3 April 1936.<ref name="De Wulf p147-8">De Wulf 1978, pp. 147-148.</ref> The R.35 had a circular section fuselage, housing a pressurised cabin which accommodated twenty passengers and a flight crew of three. It was intended to be powered by a range of radial engines with the 950&nbsp;hp (709&nbsp;kW) [[Gnome-Rhône Mistral Major|Gnome-Rhône 14K]] preferred by Renard, but the prototype was fitted with 750&nbsp;hp (560&nbsp;kW) [[Gnome-Rhône 9K]] engines.<ref name="De Wulf p148">De Wulf 1978, p.148.</ref><ref name="aerostories p2"/>
The R.35 was completed early in 1938.<ref name="De Wulf p148"/> On 1 April 1938, it was planned to carry out high-speed taxiing trials at [[Evere]] airfield in front of an audience of visiting dignitaries and journalists. After carrying out a single taxi-run, however, the R.35 took off during a second run, and while attempting a [[Airfield traffic pattern|circuit]] to return to the runway, the R.35 dived into the ground and was destroyed, killing the pilot Georges Van Damme. The cause of the crash was unknown.<ref name="De Wulf p147"> De Wulf 1978, p.147.</ref><ref name="aerostories p1"> Hauet, André. "[http://aerostories.free.fr/appareils/renard/index.html Renard R.35 Un avion stratosphérique belge en 1938. (histoire)]". ''Aérostories''. (In French). Retrieved 26 August 2009.</ref><ref> "[http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=17301 ASN Aircraft accident 01-APR-1938 Renard R.35 OO-ARM]". ''Aviation Safety Network''. 15 April 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2009.</ref> Following this crash, SABENA abandoned its interest in the R.35, and Renard abandoned development.<ref name="De Wulf p148"/>

The R.35 was completed early in 1938.<ref name="De Wulf p148"/> On 1 April 1938, it was planned to carry out high-speed taxiing trials at [[Evere]] airfield in front of an audience of visiting dignitaries and journalists. After carrying out a single taxi-run, however, the R.35 took off during a second run, and while attempting a [[Airfield traffic pattern|circuit]] to return to the runway, the R.35 dived into the ground and was destroyed, killing the pilot Georges Van Damme. The cause of the crash was unknown.<ref name="De Wulf p147">De Wulf 1978, p.147.</ref><ref name="aerostories p1">Hauet, André. "[http://aerostories.free.fr/appareils/renard/index.html Renard R.35 Un avion stratosphérique belge en 1938. (histoire)]". ''Aérostories''. (In French). Retrieved 26 August 2009.</ref><ref>"[http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=17301 ASN Aircraft accident 01-APR-1938 Renard R.35 OO-ARM]". ''Aviation Safety Network''. 15 April 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2009.</ref> Following this crash, SABENA abandoned its interest in the R.35, and Renard abandoned development.<ref name="De Wulf p148"/>


==Variants==
==Variants==
;R.35B
;R.35B
: Proposed bomber version, capable of carrying 2,800 kg (6,200 lb) of bombs. Unbuilt.<ref name="De Wulf p148"/>
: Proposed bomber version, capable of carrying 2,800 kg (6,200 lb) of bombs. Unbuilt.<ref name="De Wulf p148"/>


==Specifications (performance estimated) ==
==Specifications (performance estimated) ==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=A Belgian Rare Avis <ref name="De Wulf p149">De Wulf 1978, p.149.</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
General characteristics
-->
|genhide=


|crew=3 (2 pilots and radio operator)
{{aircraft specifications
|capacity=<br/>
**20 passengers ''or''
**{{convert|2000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|length m=17.50
|length ft=
|length in=
|span m=25.50
|span ft=
|span in=
|height m=5.50
|height ft=
|height in=
|wing area sqm=87
|wing area note=<ref name="aerostories p2">Hauet, André. "[http://aerostories.free.fr/appareils/renard/page2.html Renard R.35 Un avion stratosphérique belge en 1938. (technique)]". ''Aérostories''. (In French). Retrieved 26 August 2009.</ref>
|empty weight kg=6100
|empty weight lb=
|max takeoff weight kg=10500
|gross weight lb=
|fuel capacity=
<!--
Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=3
|eng1 name=[[Gnome-Rhône 9K]]
|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled [[radial engine]]
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=750<!-- prop engines -->


|plane or copter?=plane<!-- options: plane/copter -->
|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=
|jet or prop?=prop<!-- options: jet/prop/both/neither -->
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->


<!--
|ref=A Belgian Rare Avis <ref name="De Wulf p149"> De Wulf 1978, p.149.</ref>
Performance
-->
|perfhide=


|max speed kmh=435
|crew=3 (2 pilots and radio operator
|max speed mph=
|capacity= 20 passengers<!-- the number of passengers carried in the case of a commercial aircraft-->
|max speed note=at {{convert|5000|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|payload main=2,000 kg
|cruise speed kmh=350
|payload alt=4,400 lb
|cruise speed mph=
|payload more=
|cruise speed kts=
|length main= 17.50 m
|range km=1800
|length alt=57 ft 5 in
|range miles=
|span main=25.50 m
|range nmi=
|span alt=83 ft 8 in
|ceiling m=9000
|height main=5.50 m
|ceiling ft=
|height alt=18 ft 1 in
|climb rate ms=
|area main= 87 m² <ref name="aerostories p2"> Hauet, André. "[http://aerostories.free.fr/appareils/renard/page2.html Renard R.35 Un avion stratosphérique belge en 1938. (technique)]". ''Aérostories''. (In French). Retrieved 26 August 2009.</ref>
|climb rate ftmin=
|area alt= 936 sq ft
|airfoil=
|empty weight main= 6,100 kg
|empty weight alt=13,400 lb
|loaded weight main=
|loaded weight alt=
|useful load main=
|useful load alt=
|max takeoff weight main= 10,500 kg
|max takeoff weight alt= 23,100 lb
|max takeoff weight more=
|more general=

|engine (prop)=[[Gnome-Rhône 9K]]
|type of prop= 9-cylinder air-cooled [[radial engine]]
|number of props=3<!-- ditto number of engines-->
|power main= 560 kW
|power alt=750 hp
|power original=
|power more=

|max speed main= 435 km/h
|max speed alt= 235 knots, 270 mph
|max speed more= at 5,000 m (16,400 ft)
|cruise speed main= 350 km/h
|cruise speed alt= 190 knots, 218 mph
|cruise speed more=
|stall speed main=
|stall speed alt=
|stall speed more=
|never exceed speed main=
|never exceed speed alt=
|range main= 1,800 km
|range alt=974 [[nautical mile|nmi]], 1,120 mi
|ferry range main=
|ferry range alt=
|ferry range more=
|ceiling main= 9,000 m
|ceiling alt= 29,500 ft
|climb rate main=
|climb rate alt=
|loading main=
|loading alt=
|thrust/weight=
|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|more performance=
|more performance=


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==References==
==References==

===Notes===
===Notes===
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
*De Wulf, Herman. "A Belgian Rare Avis". ''[[Air International]]'', September 1978, Vol 15 No. 3. Bromley, UK: Fine Scroll. pp.&nbsp;147–149.
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Hauet|first1=André|title=Il devait donner la stratosphère à la Belgique... Renard R.35|journal=Le Fana de l'Aviation |date=January 1977 |issue=86 |pages=14–17 |issn=0757-4169 |language=fr|trans-title=It was to Give the Stratosphere to Belgium... Renard R.35}}
*De Wulf, Herman. "A Belgian Rare Avis". ''[[Air International]]'', September 1978, Vol 15 No. 3. Bromley, UK: Fine Scroll. pp. 147-149.
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.baha.be/Webpages/Navigator/Photos/CivilPics/civil_pics_ooaaa_ooczz/RenardR35.htm photo]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100622034013/http://www.baha.be/Webpages/Navigator/Photos/CivilPics/civil_pics_ooaaa_ooczz/RenardR35.htm photo]
*[http://www.fnar.be/html/R35/R-35.htm RENARD R-35]
*[http://www.fnar.be/html/R35/R-35.htm RENARD R-35]


{{Renard aircraft}}
{{Renard aircraft}}
{{Aviation lists}}


[[Category:Belgian airliners 1930-1939]]
[[Category:Renard aircraft|R.35]]
[[Category:1930s Belgian airliners]]
[[Category:Trimotors]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1938]]

Latest revision as of 00:08, 4 April 2021

R.35
Role Airliner
National origin Belgium
Manufacturer Renard
Designer Alfred Renard
First flight 1 April 1938
Number built 1

The Renard R.35 was a prototype pressurised airliner of the 1930s built by the Belgian aircraft manufacturer Constructions Aéronautiques G. Renard. A three-engined low-winged monoplane with retractable undercarriage, the R.35 was destroyed in a crash on its first flight.

Development and design[edit]

In 1935, Alfred Renard, chief designer and co-founder of the Renard company, started design of a pressurised airliner for use by SABENA on its routes to the Belgian Congo. Renard designed a low-winged monoplane of all-metal construction, powered by three engines as required by SABENA, and received an order for a single prototype on 3 April 1936.[1] The R.35 had a circular section fuselage, housing a pressurised cabin which accommodated twenty passengers and a flight crew of three. It was intended to be powered by a range of radial engines with the 950 hp (709 kW) Gnome-Rhône 14K preferred by Renard, but the prototype was fitted with 750 hp (560 kW) Gnome-Rhône 9K engines.[2][3]

The R.35 was completed early in 1938.[2] On 1 April 1938, it was planned to carry out high-speed taxiing trials at Evere airfield in front of an audience of visiting dignitaries and journalists. After carrying out a single taxi-run, however, the R.35 took off during a second run, and while attempting a circuit to return to the runway, the R.35 dived into the ground and was destroyed, killing the pilot Georges Van Damme. The cause of the crash was unknown.[4][5][6] Following this crash, SABENA abandoned its interest in the R.35, and Renard abandoned development.[2]

Variants[edit]

R.35B
Proposed bomber version, capable of carrying 2,800 kg (6,200 lb) of bombs. Unbuilt.[2]

Specifications (performance estimated)[edit]

Data from A Belgian Rare Avis [7]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 3 (2 pilots and radio operator)
  • Capacity:
    • 20 passengers or
    • 2,000 kg (4,400 lb)
  • Length: 17.50 m (57 ft 5 in)
  • Wingspan: 25.50 m (83 ft 8 in)
  • Height: 5.50 m (18 ft 1 in)
  • Wing area: 87 m2 (940 sq ft) [3]
  • Empty weight: 6,100 kg (13,448 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 10,500 kg (23,149 lb)
  • Powerplant: 3 × Gnome-Rhône 9K 9-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 560 kW (750 hp) each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 435 km/h (270 mph, 235 kn) at 5,000 ft (1,500 m)
  • Cruise speed: 350 km/h (220 mph, 190 kn)
  • Range: 1,800 km (1,100 mi, 970 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 9,000 m (30,000 ft)

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ De Wulf 1978, pp. 147-148.
  2. ^ a b c d De Wulf 1978, p.148.
  3. ^ a b Hauet, André. "Renard R.35 Un avion stratosphérique belge en 1938. (technique)". Aérostories. (In French). Retrieved 26 August 2009.
  4. ^ De Wulf 1978, p.147.
  5. ^ Hauet, André. "Renard R.35 Un avion stratosphérique belge en 1938. (histoire)". Aérostories. (In French). Retrieved 26 August 2009.
  6. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident 01-APR-1938 Renard R.35 OO-ARM". Aviation Safety Network. 15 April 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
  7. ^ De Wulf 1978, p.149.

Bibliography[edit]

  • De Wulf, Herman. "A Belgian Rare Avis". Air International, September 1978, Vol 15 No. 3. Bromley, UK: Fine Scroll. pp. 147–149.
  • Hauet, André (January 1977). "Il devait donner la stratosphère à la Belgique... Renard R.35" [It was to Give the Stratosphere to Belgium... Renard R.35]. Le Fana de l'Aviation (in French) (86): 14–17. ISSN 0757-4169.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Renard R.35.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renard_R.35&oldid=1015859941"