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The '''root of the lung''' is located at the [[hilum (anatomy)|hilum]] of each [[human lung|lung]], just above the middle of the [[mediastinal surface]] and behind the [[cardiac impression on lung|cardiac impression]] of the lung. It is nearer to the back (posterior border) than the front (anterior border). The root of the lung is connected by the structures that form it to the [[heart]] and the [[trachea]]. The [[rib cage]] is separated from the lung by a two-layered membranous coating, the [[pleura]]. The hilum is the large triangular depression where the connection between the parietal pleura (covering the rib cage) and the visceral pleura (covering the lung) is made, and this marks the meeting point between the [[mediastinum]] and the [[pleural cavities]].
The '''root of the lung''' is a group of structures that emerge at the [[hilum (anatomy)|hilum]] of each [[human lung|lung]], just above the middle of the [[mediastinal surface]] and behind the [[cardiac impression on lung|cardiac impression]] of the lung. It is nearer to the [[Human back|back]] (posterior border) than the front (anterior border). The root of the lung is connected by the structures that form it to the [[heart]] and the [[trachea]]. The [[rib cage]] is separated from the lung by a two-layered membranous coating, the [[pleura]]. The hilum is the large triangular depression where the connection between the parietal pleura (covering the rib cage) and the visceral pleura (covering the lung) is made, and this marks the meeting point between the [[mediastinum]] and the [[pleural cavities]].

The root is formed by the bronchus, the [[pulmonary artery]], the [[pulmonary veins]], the [[bronchial arteries]] and veins, the pulmonary plexuses of nerves, [[lymphatic vessels]], bronchial lymph nodes, and [[areolar tissue]], all of which are enclosed by a reflection of the pleura.


== Location ==
The root of the right lung lies behind the [[superior vena cava]] and part of the [[right atrium]], and below the [[azygos vein]]. That of the left lung passes beneath the [[aortic arch]] and in front of the [[descending aorta]]; the phrenic nerve, pericardiacophrenic artery and vein, and the anterior pulmonary plexus, lie in front of each, and the [[vagus nerve]] and posterior pulmonary plexus lie behind.
The root of the right lung lies behind the [[superior vena cava]] and part of the [[right atrium]], and below the [[azygos vein]]. That of the left lung passes beneath the [[aortic arch]] and in front of the [[descending aorta]]; the phrenic nerve, pericardiacophrenic artery and vein, and the anterior pulmonary plexus, lie in front of each, and the [[vagus nerve]] and posterior pulmonary plexus lie behind.


⚫
==Structures==
The chief structures composing the root of each lung are arranged in a similar manner from the front to the back on each side. This means that the upper of the two pulmonary veins are located anteriorly, the pulmonary artery is in the middle, and the bronchus and bronchial vessels are located posteriorly.


=== Neurovascular ===
⚫
==Structures==
The arrangement on the two sides is not symmetrical.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=O'Shaughnessy|first=Laurence|date=1935-03-02|title=SURGERY OF THE LUNG ROOT|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673601007292|journal=The Lancet|series=Originally published as Volume 1, Issue 5818|language=en|volume=225|issue=5818|pages=476–480|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)00729-2|issn=0140-6736}}</ref>
The root is formed by the bronchus, the [[pulmonary artery]], the [[pulmonary veins]], the [[bronchial arteries]] and veins, the pulmonary plexuses of nerves, [[lymphatic vessels]], bronchial lymph nodes, and [[areolar tissue]], all of which are enclosed by a reflection of the pleura. The chief structures composing the root of each lung are arranged in a similar manner from the front to the back on each side. This means that the upper of the two pulmonary veins are located anteriorly, the pulmonary artery is in the middle, and the bronchus and bronchial vessels are located posteriorly.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} The arrangement on the two sides is not [[Symmetry|symmetrical]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=O'Shaughnessy|first=Laurence|date=1935-03-02|title=SURGERY OF THE LUNG ROOT|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673601007292|journal=The Lancet|series=Originally published as Volume 1, Issue 5818|language=en|volume=225|issue=5818|pages=476–480|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)00729-2|issn=0140-6736}}</ref>


Right side: (superior to inferior) [[Eparterial bronchus]], pulmonary artery, hyparterial bronchus, and inferior pulmonary vein.<ref name=":0" />
Right side: (superior to inferior) [[Eparterial bronchus]], pulmonary artery, hyparterial bronchus, and inferior pulmonary vein.<ref name=":0" />
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Left Side: (superior to inferior) Pulmonary artery, main bronchus, and inferior pulmonary vein.<ref name=":0" />
Left Side: (superior to inferior) Pulmonary artery, main bronchus, and inferior pulmonary vein.<ref name=":0" />


=== Lymphatic ===
Also on each hilum there are ''hilar'' [[tracheobronchial lymph nodes|bronchopulmonary lymph nodes]].
On each hilum, there are ''hilar'' [[tracheobronchial lymph nodes|bronchopulmonary lymph nodes]].


=== Pulmonary Ligament ===
The [[parietal pleura]] surrounding the root of the lung extends downwards from the hilum in a fold called the '''pulmonary ligament'''. The lower end of this is sometimes referred to as the ''inferior pulmonary ligament''. At the lower edge of each lung, the pleural layers come into contact with each other and terminate in a free curved edge. The pulmonary ligaments serve to hold the lower part of the lungs in position.
The [[parietal pleura]] surrounding the root of the lung extends downwards from the hilum in a fold called the '''pulmonary ligament'''. The lower end of this is sometimes referred to as the ''inferior pulmonary ligament''. At the lower edge of each lung, the pleural layers come into contact with each other, and terminate in a free curved edge. The pulmonary ligaments serve to hold the lower part of the lungs in position.


==Additional images==
==Additional images==

Revision as of 13:36, 18 November 2020

Root of the lung
Mediastinal surface of right lung.
Mediastinal surface of left lung.
Details
Identifiers
Latinradix pulmonis
TA98A06.5.01.016
TA23278
FMA268155
Anatomical terminology

The root of the lung is a group of structures that emerge at the hilum of each lung, just above the middle of the mediastinal surface and behind the cardiac impression of the lung. It is nearer to the back (posterior border) than the front (anterior border). The root of the lung is connected by the structures that form it to the heart and the trachea. The rib cage is separated from the lung by a two-layered membranous coating, the pleura. The hilum is the large triangular depression where the connection between the parietal pleura (covering the rib cage) and the visceral pleura (covering the lung) is made, and this marks the meeting point between the mediastinum and the pleural cavities.

Location

The root of the right lung lies behind the superior vena cava and part of the right atrium, and below the azygos vein. That of the left lung passes beneath the aortic arch and in front of the descending aorta; the phrenic nerve, pericardiacophrenic artery and vein, and the anterior pulmonary plexus, lie in front of each, and the vagus nerve and posterior pulmonary plexus lie behind.

Structures

Neurovascular

The root is formed by the bronchus, the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary veins, the bronchial arteries and veins, the pulmonary plexuses of nerves, lymphatic vessels, bronchial lymph nodes, and areolar tissue, all of which are enclosed by a reflection of the pleura. The chief structures composing the root of each lung are arranged in a similar manner from the front to the back on each side. This means that the upper of the two pulmonary veins are located anteriorly, the pulmonary artery is in the middle, and the bronchus and bronchial vessels are located posteriorly.[citation needed] The arrangement on the two sides is not symmetrical.[1]

Right side: (superior to inferior) Eparterial bronchus, pulmonary artery, hyparterial bronchus, and inferior pulmonary vein.[1]

Left Side: (superior to inferior) Pulmonary artery, main bronchus, and inferior pulmonary vein.[1]

Lymphatic

On each hilum, there are hilar bronchopulmonary lymph nodes.

Pulmonary Ligament

The parietal pleura surrounding the root of the lung extends downwards from the hilum in a fold called the pulmonary ligament. The lower end of this is sometimes referred to as the inferior pulmonary ligament. At the lower edge of each lung, the pleural layers come into contact with each other, and terminate in a free curved edge. The pulmonary ligaments serve to hold the lower part of the lungs in position.

Additional images

  • The phrenic nerve and its relations with the vagus nerve.
    The phrenic nerve and its relations with the vagus nerve.

References

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1097 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ^ a b c O'Shaughnessy, Laurence (1935-03-02). "SURGERY OF THE LUNG ROOT". The Lancet. Originally published as Volume 1, Issue 5818. 225 (5818): 476–480. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)00729-2. ISSN 0140-6736.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Root_of_the_lung&oldid=989346818"