Scaphopetalum: Difference between revisions

Scaphopetalum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Malvales
Family:	Malvaceae
Genus:	Scaphopetalum

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Revision as of 13:17, 5 August 2011

Scaphopetalum is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG II system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae senso lato. The distribution of the genus is restricted to the rain forests of Africa. In total 26 taxa have been described, 21 have been recognized (20 species and 1 variety), two invalid and one nomen nudus (without a formal description).

History

The genus Scaphopetalum was first described by Masters (1867) ^[1], based on material from Equitorial Guinee (Mt.John) collected by Gustav Mann. Three species were described by Maxwell T. Masters, S. longe-penduculatum, S. blackii and S. mannii. Later, É. De Wildeman and T. Durant (June,1897) described S. thonneri based on material collected by F. Thonner from northern DRC. A few months later K.Schumann (October,1897) described four new species, S. stipulosum, S. macranthum, S. zenkeri and S. monophysca. The last species, S. monophysca closely resembles S. thonerii and its description is based on material from Cameroon and Gabon.

The next six new species are a contribution of German taxonomists mainly based on material from Cameroon collected by Ledermann, Mildbraed and Zenker. In 1908 H.Winkler describes S. paxii. collected by himself in Cameroon. Engler and Krause described two species in 1911, S. pallidinervis and S. riparia and three in 1913, S.discolor, S. acuminatum and S. bruneo-purpureum. S. discolor is a species from Congo and the other four from Cameroon. That same year Baker f. described two species based on material collected by Talbot from Nigeria, S. parvifolium and S. talbotii.

The first species for West Africa was described by A. Chevalier in 1917 and named S. amoenum. For the Mayombe region (Gabon) two species were described by Pellegrine in 1921, S. letestui and S. ngounyense. The first species was made synoniem by Halle in 1961 as a variety within S. blackii, S. blackii'' var. ''letestui. In the same publication N. Halle splits off another variety S. thonneri'' var. ''klainei. Both varieties were described without a prologe in latin and subsequently invalid. In the same year R. Germain describes a new species S. vanderijstii and a new variety S. dewevrei'' var. ''suborophila both for DRC. The most recent species is described from Equatorial Guinea, S.obiangianum by M.E.Leal ^[2] in 2007.

Species

Scaphopetalum accuminatum Engl. & Krause (1913)
Scaphopetalum amoeum A.Chev. (1917)
Scaphopetalum blackii Mast. (1869)
Scaphopetalum blackii var. letestui (Pellegr.) N.Halle (1961) invalid
Scaphopetalum bruneopurpureum Engl.& Krause (1913)
Scaphopetalum dewevrei Dewild.& Th.Dur. (1900)
Scaphopetalum discolor Engl.& Krause (1913)
Scaphopetalum letestui Pellegr. (1921) synoniem
Scaphopetalum longepedunculatum Mast. (1869)
Scaphopetalum macranthum K.Schum. (1900)
Scaphopetalum mannii Mast. (1869)
Scaphopetalum monophysca K.Schum. (1900) synoniem
Scaphopetalum ngouyense Pellegr. (1921)
Scaphopetalum obiangianum M.E.Leal (2007)
Scaphopetalum pallidinervis Engl.& Krause (1911)
Scaphopetalum parvifolium Baker f. (1913)
Scaphopetalum paxii H.Winkl. (1908)
Scaphopetalum riparia Engl.& Krause (1911)
Scaphopetalum staudtii K. Schum. nomen nudus synomiem of Cola marsupium K.Schum.
Scaphopetalum stipulosum K.Schum. (1900)
Scaphopetalum talbotii Bak.f. (1913)
Scaphopetalum thonneri Dewild.& Th.Dur. (1897)
Scaphopetalum thonneri var. klainei Pierre ex N.Halle (1961) invalid
Scaphopetalum vanderystii R.Germain (1961)
Scaphopetalum dewevrei var. suborophylla R.Germain (1961)
Scaphopetalum zenkeri K.Schum. (1900)

References

^ Master, M. T. (1869) On some points in morphology of the Malvales, together with a description of a new genus of Buetnerieae, Journal of the Linnean Society 10: 18-30.
^ Leal, M.E. (2007) A new endemic Scaphopetalum (Malvaceae) from Mount Mitra, Equatorial Guinea, Blumea 52 : 137-138.

Chevalier A. (1920) Explorations Botaniques de Afrique Occidental Francais i: 85

De Wildeman & T. Durand (1897) Bulletin Societe Royal Botanique Belgique xxxix. 97

Engler & K. Krause (1912) Botanisch Jahrbucher (sys) xlviii: 553

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[1] Master, M. T. (1869) On some points in morphology of the Malvales, together with a description of a new genus of Buetnerieae, Journal of the Linnean Society 10: 18-30.

[2] Leal, M.E. (2007) A new endemic Scaphopetalum (Malvaceae) from Mount Mitra, Equatorial Guinea, Blumea 52 : 137-138.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ==History==
-The genus Scaphopetalum was first described by Master (1867), based on material from Equitorial Guinee (Mt.John) collected by G. Mann. Three species were described  by M. T. Master, ''[[S. longe-penduculatum]]'', ''[[S. blackii]]'' and ''[[S. mannii]]''.
+The genus Scaphopetalum was first described by Masters (1867) <ref> Master, M. T. (1869) On some points in morphology of the Malvales, together with a description of a new genus of ''Buetnerieae'', ''Journal of the  Linnean Society''  '''10''': 18-30.</ref>, based on material from Equitorial Guinee (Mt.John) collected by [[Gustav Mann]]. Three species were described  by [[Maxwell T. Masters]], ''[[S. longe-penduculatum]]'', ''[[S. blackii]]'' and ''[[S. mannii]]''.
-Later, É.De Wildeman and T.Durant (June,1897) described ''[[S. thonneri]]'' based on material collected by F. Thonner from northern DRC. A few months later K.Schumann (October,1897) described four new species, ''[[S. stipulosum]]'', ''[[S. macranthum]]'', ''[[S. zenkeri]]'' and ''[[S. monophysca]]''. The last species, ''[[S. monophysca]]'' closely resembles ''[[S. thonerii]]'' and its description is based on material from Cameroon and Gabon.
+Later, É. De Wildeman and T. Durant (June,1897) described ''[[S. thonneri]]'' based on material collected by F. Thonner from northern DRC. A few months later K.Schumann (October,1897) described four new species, ''[[S. stipulosum]]'', ''[[S. macranthum]]'', ''[[S. zenkeri]]'' and ''[[S. monophysca]]''. The last species, ''[[S. monophysca]]'' closely resembles ''[[S. thonerii]]'' and its description is based on material from Cameroon and Gabon.
 The next six new species are a contribution of German taxonomists mainly based on material from Cameroon collected by Ledermann, Mildbraed and Zenker. In 1908 H.Winkler describes ''[[S. paxii]]''. collected by himself in Cameroon. Engler and Krause described two species in 1911, ''[[S. pallidinervis]]'' and  ''[[S. riparia]]'' and three in 1913, ''[[S.discolor]]'', ''[[S. acuminatum]]'' and ''[[S. bruneo-purpureum]]''. ''[[S. discolor]]'' is a species from Congo and the other four from Cameroon. That same year Baker f. described two species based on material collected by Talbot from Nigeria, ''[[S. parvifolium]]'' and ''[[S. talbotii]]''.
-The first species for West Africa was described by A. Chevalier in 1917 and named ''[[S. amoenum]]''. For the Mayombe region (Gabon) two species were described by Pellegrine in 1921, ''[[S. letestui]]'' and ''[[S. ngounyense]]''. The first species was made synoniem by Halle in 1961 as a variety within S. blackii, ''[[S. blackii'' var. ''letestui]]''. In the same publication N. Halle splits off another variety ''[[S. thonneri'' var. ''klainei]]''. Both varieties were described without a prologe in latin and subsequently invalid. In the same year R. Germain describes a new species ''[[S. vanderijstii]]'' and a new variety ''[[S. dewevrei'' var. ''suborophila]]''  both for DRC. The most recent species is described from Equatorial Guinea, ''[[S.obiangianum]]'' by M.E.Leal in 2007.
+The first species for West Africa was described by A. Chevalier in 1917 and named ''[[S. amoenum]]''. For the Mayombe region (Gabon) two species were described by Pellegrine in 1921, ''[[S. letestui]]'' and ''[[S. ngounyense]]''. The first species was made synoniem by Halle in 1961 as a variety within S. blackii, ''[[S. blackii'' var. ''letestui]]''. In the same publication N. Halle splits off another variety ''[[S. thonneri'' var. ''klainei]]''. Both varieties were described without a prologe in latin and subsequently invalid. In the same year R. Germain describes a new species ''[[S. vanderijstii]]'' and a new variety ''[[S. dewevrei'' var. ''suborophila]]''  both for DRC. The most recent species is described from Equatorial Guinea, ''[[S.obiangianum]]'' by M.E.Leal <ref> Leal, M.E. (2007) A new endemic Scaphopetalum (Malvaceae) from Mount Mitra, Equatorial Guinea, ''Blumea'' '''52''' : 137-138. </ref> in 2007.
 ==Species==
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 * ''[[Scaphopetalum amoeum]]'' [[A.Chev.]] (1917)
 * ''[[Scaphopetalum blackii]]'' [[Mast.]] (1869)
-* ''[[Scaphopetalum blackii var. letestui]]'' [[(Pellegr.) N.Halle]] (1961) invalid
+* ''Scaphopetalum blackii var. letestui'' [[(Pellegr.) N.Halle]] (1961) invalid
 * ''[[Scaphopetalum bruneopurpureum]]'' [[Engl.& Krause]] (1913)
 * ''[[Scaphopetalum dewevrei]]'' [[Dewild.& Th.Dur.]] (1900)
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 ==References==
+{{reflist}}
 Chevalier A. (1920)  Explorations  Botaniques de Afrique Occidental Francais i: 85
@@ Line 52: / Line 54: @@
 Engler  & K. Krause (1912) Botanisch Jahrbucher (sys)  xlviii: 553
-Leal, M.E. (2007) A new endemic Scaphopetalum (Malvaceae) from Mount Mitra, Equatorial Guinea, ''Blumea'' '''52''' : 137-138.
-Master, M. T. (1869) On some points in morphology of the Malvales, together with a description of a new genus of ''Buetnerieae'', ''Journal of the  Linnean Society''  '''10''': 18-30.