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{{Short description|Prototype British three-seat escort fighter of the First World War}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}} |
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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin |
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{{Use British English|date=September 2017}} |
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
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| name=F.B.11 |
| name=F.B.11 |
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| image= |
| image=Vickers F.B.11.jpg |
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| caption= |
| caption= |
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}}{{Infobox |
}}{{Infobox aircraft type |
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| type=Escort fighter |
| type=Escort fighter |
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| national origin=[[United Kingdom]] |
| national origin=[[United Kingdom]] |
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| manufacturer=[[Vickers Limited]] |
| manufacturer=[[Vickers Limited]] |
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| designer=R.L Howard-Flanders |
| designer=R. L Howard-Flanders |
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| first flight=1916 |
| first flight=1916 |
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| introduced= |
| introduced= |
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The '''Vickers F.B.11''' was a prototype [[United Kingdom|British]] three-seat escort fighter of the [[First World War]]. A large single |
The '''Vickers F.B.11''' was a prototype [[United Kingdom|British]] three-seat escort fighter of the [[First World War]]. A large single-engined [[biplane]], it carried one gunner in a nacelle mounted on the upper wing to give an allround field of fire. Only a single example was completed. |
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==Development and design== |
==Development and design== |
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In early 1916, the British [[War Office]] drew up a specification for a multi-seat escort fighter to be powered by one of the new [[Rolls-Royce Eagle]] engines, intended to protect formations of bombers from German fighters such as the [[Fokker E.I]], with an additional role of destroying enemy [[airship]]s.<ref name= |
In early 1916, the British [[War Office]] drew up a specification for a multi-seat escort fighter to be powered by one of the new [[Rolls-Royce Eagle]] engines, intended to protect formations of bombers from German fighters such as the [[Fokker E.I]], with an additional role of destroying enemy [[airship]]s.<ref name=bruce1957p25>Bruce 1957, p. 25.</ref> While the specification did not require high speed, a good field of fire for its guns was essential,<ref name=mason67>Mason 1992, p. 67.</ref> while the secondary anti-Zeppelin role demanded an endurance of at least seven hours.<ref name=bruce1957p25/> |
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Orders were placed for prototypes from [[Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft|Armstrong Whitworth]] (the [[Armstrong Whitworth F.K.6|F.K.6]]), [[Sopwith]] (the [[Sopwith L.R.T.Tr.|L.R.T.Tr.]]) and [[Vickers Limited|Vickers]]. All three designs were driven by the need to provide wide fields of fire in the absence of effective [[ |
Orders were placed for prototypes from [[Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft|Armstrong Whitworth]] (the [[Armstrong Whitworth F.K.6|F.K.6]]), [[Sopwith Aviation Company|Sopwith]] (the [[Sopwith L.R.T.Tr.|L.R.T.Tr.]]) and [[Vickers Limited|Vickers]]. All three designs were driven by the need to provide wide fields of fire in the absence of an effective [[Synchronization gear|synchronisation gear]] that would allow safe firing of guns through the propeller disc.<ref name=bruce1957p25/> |
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The Vickers response, the F.B.11, designed by R.L. Howard-Flanders, was a large, single-bay, [[biplane]] of [[Tractor configuration|tractor layout]]. |
The Vickers response, the F.B.11, designed by R. L. Howard-Flanders, was a large, single-bay, [[biplane]] of [[Tractor configuration|tractor layout]]. The pilot and one gunner sat in separate but closely spaced cockpits under the trailing edge of the upper wing, while a second gunner sat in a nacelle, or "fighting top", attached to, and extending forward of the upper wing.<ref name=mason67/><ref>Green and Swanborough 1994, p. 577.</ref> The Eagle engine was mounted in a clean cowling, with the radiator fitted behind the engine in the fuselage.<ref>Bruce 1957, p. 572.</ref> |
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Two prototypes were ordered, with the first flying in |
Two prototypes were ordered, with the first flying in September–October 1916,<ref name=mason67/> being tested at [[RNAS Eastchurch]] in November that year.<ref>Andrews and Morgan 1988, p. 69.</ref> It proved to have poor lateral control and performance, and was destroyed in a crash.<ref name=bruce1969p100>Bruce 1969, p. 100.</ref> The second prototype was not completed,<ref>Green and Swanborough 1994, p. 578.</ref> and as effective synchronising gears were now available (including Vickers' own Vickers-Challenger gear), none of the escort fighters were developed further.<ref>Lewis 1979, p. 99.</ref> |
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==Specifications |
==Specifications== |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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|ref=War Planes of the First World War:Volume Three Fighters<ref name=bruce1969p100/> |
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|prime units?=imp |
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<!-- |
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General characteristics |
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--> |
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|crew=three (pilot and two gunners) |
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{{aircraft specifications |
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|capacity= |
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|length m= |
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|plane or copter?=plane<!-- options: plane/copter --> |
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|length ft=43 |
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|jet or prop?=prop<!-- options: jet/prop/both/neither --> |
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|length in=0 |
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|span m= |
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|ref=War Planes of the First World War:Volume Three Fighters <ref name="Bruce v3 p100"> Bruce 1969, p.100.</ref><!-- the source(s) for the information --> |
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|span ft=51 |
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|span in=0 |
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|crew=3 (pilot and two gunners) |
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|height m= |
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|capacity= <!-- the number of passengers carried in the case of a commercial aircraft--> |
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|height ft=13 |
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|payload main= |
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|height in=8 |
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|wing area sqm= |
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|payload more= |
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|wing area sqft=845 |
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|length main= 43 ft 0 in |
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|wing area note= |
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|length alt=13.11 m |
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|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|span main=51 ft 0 in |
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|span alt=15.55 m |
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|height main=13 ft 8 in |
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|height alt=4.17 m |
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|area main= 845 sq ft |
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|area alt= 78.5 m² |
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|airfoil= |
|airfoil= |
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|empty weight |
|empty weight kg= |
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|empty weight |
|empty weight lb=3340 |
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|empty weight note= |
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|gross weight kg= |
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|gross weight lb=4934 |
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|useful load main= |
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|gross weight note= |
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|useful load alt= |
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|fuel capacity= |
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|max takeoff weight main= |
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|max takeoff weight alt= |
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|max takeoff weight more= |
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|more general= |
|more general= |
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<!-- |
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Powerplant |
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|engine (prop)=[[Rolls-Royce Eagle]] III |
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--> |
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|type of prop= water-cooled [[V12 engine|V-12]]<!-- meaning the type of propeller driving engines --> |
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|eng1 number=1 |
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|number of props=1<!-- ditto number of engines--> |
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|eng1 name=[[Rolls-Royce Eagle]] III |
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|power main= 250 hp |
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|eng1 type=water-cooled [[V12 engine|V-12]] |
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|power alt=187 kW |
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|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng1 hp=250<!-- prop engines --> |
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|power original= |
|power original= |
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|more power= |
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|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|max speed main= 96 mph |
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|prop name= |
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|max speed alt=83 knots, 155 km/h |
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|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|max speed more= at 5,000 ft (1,520 m) |
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|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|cruise speed main= |
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|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|cruise speed alt= |
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|prop note= |
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|cruise speed more |
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<!-- |
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|stall speed main= |
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Performance |
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|stall speed alt= |
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--> |
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|stall speed more= |
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|perfhide= |
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|never exceed speed main= |
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|never exceed speed alt= |
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|range main= |
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|range alt= |
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|ferry range main= |
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|ferry range alt= |
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|ferry range more= |
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|ceiling main= 11,000 ft |
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|ceiling alt= 3,350 m |
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|climb rate main= |
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|climb rate alt= |
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|loading main= |
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|loading alt= |
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|thrust/weight= |
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|power/mass main= |
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|power/mass alt= |
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|more performance=*'''Endurance:''' 7½ hours |
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*'''Climb to 5,000 ft (1,520 m):''' 16 min 30 s |
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*'''Climb to 10,000 ft (3,050 m)''' 55 min |
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|max speed kmh= |
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|max speed mph=96 |
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|max speed kts= |
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|max speed note=at {{convert|5000|ft|m|abbr=on}} |
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|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
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|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
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|cruise speed kts= |
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|never exceed speed kmh= |
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|never exceed speed mph= |
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|never exceed speed kts= |
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|range km= |
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|range miles= |
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|range nmi= |
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|combat range km= |
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|combat range miles= |
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|combat range nmi= |
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|endurance=7.5 hr |
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|ceiling m= |
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|ceiling ft=11000 |
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|climb rate ms= |
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|climb rate ftmin= |
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|time to altitude=<br/> |
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**16 min to {{convert|5000|ft|m|abbr=on}} |
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**55 min to {{convert|10000|ft|m|abbr=on}} |
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|more performance= |
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<!-- |
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Armament |
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--> |
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|guns= 1× [[.303 British|.303 in]] (7.7 mm) [[Lewis gun]] in nacelle, 1× Lewis gun in rear gunners cockpit |
|guns= 1× [[.303 British|.303 in]] (7.7 mm) [[Lewis gun]] in nacelle, 1× Lewis gun in rear gunners cockpit |
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|bombs= |
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|rockets= |
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|missiles= |
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|hardpoints= |
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|hardpoint capacity= |
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|avionics= |
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}} |
}} |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{commons category|Vickers F.B.11}} |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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* Andrews, C.F. and Morgan, E.B. ''Vickers Aircraft since 1908''. London:Putnam, 1988. ISBN |
* Andrews, C. F., and Morgan, E. B. ''Vickers Aircraft since 1908''. London: Putnam, 1988. {{ISBN|0-85177-815-1}}. |
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*Bruce, J.M. ''British Aeroplanes 1914-18''. London:Putnam, 1957. |
*Bruce, J. M. ''British Aeroplanes 1914-18''. London: Putnam, 1957. |
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*Bruce, J.M. ''War Planes of the First World War: Volume Three Fighters''. London:Macdonald, 1969. ISBN |
*Bruce, J. M. ''War Planes of the First World War: Volume Three Fighters''. London: Macdonald, 1969. {{ISBN|0-356-01490-8}}. |
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*Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon. ''The Complete Book of Fighters''. New York:Smithmark, 1994. ISBN |
*Green, William, and Swanborough, Gordon. ''The Complete Book of Fighters''. New York: Smithmark, 1994. {{ISBN|0-8317-3939-8}}. |
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*Lewis, Peter. ''The British Fighter since 1912''. London:Putnam, Fourth edition, 1979. ISBN |
*Lewis, Peter. ''The British Fighter since 1912''. London: Putnam, Fourth edition, 1979. {{ISBN|0-370-10049-2}}. |
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*Mason, Francis K. ''The British Fighter since 1912''. Annapolis, Maryland, USA:Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN |
*Mason, Francis K. ''The British Fighter since 1912''. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1992. {{ISBN|1-55750-082-7}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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<!-- ==External links== --> |
<!-- ==External links== --> |
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{{Vickers aircraft}} |
{{Vickers aircraft}} |
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{{wwi-air}} |
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{{Aviation lists}} |
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[[Category:British fighter aircraft |
[[Category:1910s British fighter aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Vickers aircraft|F.B.11]] |
[[Category:Vickers aircraft|F.B.11]] |
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[[Category:World War I |
[[Category:Military aircraft of World War I]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1916]] |
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[[sr:Викерс F.B.11]] |
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Latest revision as of 02:42, 24 February 2022
| F.B.11 | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Escort fighter |
| National origin | United Kingdom |
| Manufacturer | Vickers Limited |
| Designer | R. L Howard-Flanders |
| First flight | 1916 |
| Number built | 1 |
The Vickers F.B.11 was a prototype British three-seat escort fighter of the First World War. A large single-engined biplane, it carried one gunner in a nacelle mounted on the upper wing to give an allround field of fire. Only a single example was completed.
Development and design[edit]
In early 1916, the British War Office drew up a specification for a multi-seat escort fighter to be powered by one of the new Rolls-Royce Eagle engines, intended to protect formations of bombers from German fighters such as the Fokker E.I, with an additional role of destroying enemy airships.[1] While the specification did not require high speed, a good field of fire for its guns was essential,[2] while the secondary anti-Zeppelin role demanded an endurance of at least seven hours.[1]
Orders were placed for prototypes from Armstrong Whitworth (the F.K.6), Sopwith (the L.R.T.Tr.) and Vickers. All three designs were driven by the need to provide wide fields of fire in the absence of an effective synchronisation gear that would allow safe firing of guns through the propeller disc.[1]
The Vickers response, the F.B.11, designed by R. L. Howard-Flanders, was a large, single-bay, biplane of tractor layout. The pilot and one gunner sat in separate but closely spaced cockpits under the trailing edge of the upper wing, while a second gunner sat in a nacelle, or "fighting top", attached to, and extending forward of the upper wing.[2][3] The Eagle engine was mounted in a clean cowling, with the radiator fitted behind the engine in the fuselage.[4]
Two prototypes were ordered, with the first flying in September–October 1916,[2] being tested at RNAS Eastchurch in November that year.[5] It proved to have poor lateral control and performance, and was destroyed in a crash.[6] The second prototype was not completed,[7] and as effective synchronising gears were now available (including Vickers' own Vickers-Challenger gear), none of the escort fighters were developed further.[8]
Specifications[edit]
Data from War Planes of the First World War:Volume Three Fighters[6]
General characteristics
- Crew: three (pilot and two gunners)
- Length: 43 ft 0 in (13.11 m)
- Wingspan: 51 ft 0 in (15.54 m)
- Height: 13 ft 8 in (4.17 m)
- Wing area: 845 sq ft (78.5 m2)
- Empty weight: 3,340 lb (1,515 kg)
- Gross weight: 4,934 lb (2,238 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Eagle III water-cooled V-12, 250 hp (190 kW)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 96 mph (154 km/h, 83 kn) at 5,000 ft (1,500 m)
- Endurance: 7.5 hr
- Service ceiling: 11,000 ft (3,400 m)
- Time to altitude:
- 16 min to 5,000 ft (1,500 m)
- 55 min to 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
Armament
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vickers F.B.11.
- Andrews, C. F., and Morgan, E. B. Vickers Aircraft since 1908. London: Putnam, 1988. ISBN 0-85177-815-1.
- Bruce, J. M. British Aeroplanes 1914-18. London: Putnam, 1957.
- Bruce, J. M. War Planes of the First World War: Volume Three Fighters. London: Macdonald, 1969. ISBN 0-356-01490-8.
- Green, William, and Swanborough, Gordon. The Complete Book of Fighters. New York: Smithmark, 1994. ISBN 0-8317-3939-8.
- Lewis, Peter. The British Fighter since 1912. London: Putnam, Fourth edition, 1979. ISBN 0-370-10049-2.
- Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN 1-55750-082-7