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{{WikiProject GeorgiaUS|class=stub}}
{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = City of Stockholm
|native_name = Stockholms stad
|image_skyline = GamlaStan from Katarinahissen Stockholm Swe.jpg
|imagesize = 280px
|image_blank_emblem = Københavns byvåben 1894.png
|blank_emblem_type =
|blank_emblem_size = 151px
|blank_emblem_link =
|image_dot_map = Blank map of Europe cropped.svg
|dot_x = 150
|dot_y = 100
|dot_map_caption = Location of Stockholm in [[Europe]]
|dot_mapsize = 280px
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Sweden]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Municipalities of Sweden|Municipalities]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{Collapsible list |title=[[Stockholm urban area|11]] | [[Stockholm Municipality]] | [[Huddinge Municipality]] | [[Järfälla Municipality]] | [[Solna Municipality]] | [[Sollentuna Municipality]] | [[Botkyrka Municipality]] | [[Haninge Municipality]] | [[Tyresö Municipality]] | [[Sundbyberg Municipality]] | [[Nacka Municipality]] | [[Danderyd Municipality]]<ref name="divided">{{cite web |title=Tätorter 2005 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |url=http://w41.scb.se/templates/Publikation____186288.asp |language=Swedish |accessdate=2008-05-15}}</ref>}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Sweden|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Stockholm County]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of Sweden|Province]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Södermanland]] and [[Uppland]]
|leader_title = [[List of mayors of Stockholm|Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Sten Nordin]] ([[Moderate Party|m]])
|established_title = First mention
|established_date = 1252
|established_title1 = [[City status in Sweden|Charter]]
|established_date1 = 13th century
|area_footnotes = <ref name="scb">{{cite web |title=Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km<sup>2</sup> 2000 och 2005 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |url=http://www.scb.se/statistik/MI/MI0810/2005A01B/T%E4torternami0810tab1.xls |format=xls |language=Swedish |accessdate=2008-05-15}}</ref>
|area_urban_km2 = 377.30
|population_footnotes = <ref name="scb"/>
|population_as_of = 2008
|population_total = 802,611 ( Source: www.scb.se)
|population_density_km2 = 4230
|population_metro = 1,949,516
|population_urban = 1,252,020
|population_density_urban_km2 = 3318
|timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|latd = 59 |latm = 21 |lats = |latNS = N
|longd = 18 |longm = 4 |longs = |longEW = E
|postal_code = 100 00–200 00
|website = [http://www.stockholm.se www.stockholm.se]
|footnotes =
}}
'''{{Audio|sv-Stockholm.ogg|Stockholm}}''' ({{IPA2|'stɔkhɔlm}}) is [[Sweden]]'s [[capital]] and its largest [[city]]. It is the site of the national Swedish [[Government of Sweden|government]], the [[Parliament of Sweden|parliament]], and the official residence of the Swedish [[Monarch of Sweden|monarch]]. As of 2003, the Stockholm metropolitan area is home to 21.3% of the Swedish population and contributes 29.1% of Sweden's [[gross domestic product]].


{{planning|class=|importance=}}
Stockholm has been the political and economic centre of Sweden since the 13th century. Today [[Stockholm Municipality]] is the largest of the [[municipalities of Sweden]], with a population of 802,611 and [[Stockholm urban area]] with a population of 1.3 million is Sweden's largest continuously built-up area. The [[metropolitan area]] of Stockholm has a population of 2 million.<ref name="SCB">[http://www.scb.se/templates/tableOrChart____236124.asp Folkmängd i riket, län och kommuner 31 mars 2008 och befolkningsförändringar kvartal 1 2008]</ref> Its strategic location on several islands on the east coast of Sweden at the mouth of [[Mälaren|Lake Mälaren]], by the [[Stockholm archipelago]], has been historically important. Since Stockholm is built on islands, tourist interests have tried to popularize the appellation ''"The Venice of the North".''

== History ==
{{main|History of Stockholm}}

The location appears in [[Norse saga]]s as [[Agnafit]], and especially in connection with the legendary king [[Agne]]. The earliest mention of Stockholm in writing dates from 1252, when the mines in [[Bergslagen]] made it an important site in the iron trade. The first part of the name (''stock'') means log or it may be connected to an old German word (''Stock''), which means fortification, while the second part of the name (''holm'') means islet, and is thought to refer to the islet [[Helgeandsholmen]] in central Stockholm. The city is said to have been founded by [[Birger Jarl]] in order to protect Sweden from a sea invasion by foreign navies, and to stop the pillage of towns such as [[Sigtuna]] on Lake Mälaren.

Stockholm's core, the present Old Town ([[Gamla Stan]]) was built on the central island next to Helgeandsholmen between 1300 and 1500. The city originally rose to prominence as a result of the Baltic trade of the [[Hanseatic League]]. Stockholm developed strong economic and cultural linkages with Lübeck, Hamburg, Danzig, Visby, Reval (modern-day [[Tallinn]]) and Riga during this time. Between 1296 and 1478 Stockholm's City Council was made up of 24 members, half of whom were Hanseatic League representatives.

The strategic and economic importance of the city made Stockholm an important factor in relations between the [[List of Danish monarchs|Danish Kings]] of the [[Kalmar Union]] and the national independence movement in the 15th century. The Danish King [[Christian II of Denmark|Christian II]] was able to enter the city in 1520. On [[November 8]], [[1520]], massive executions of opposition figures, called the [[Stockholm Bloodbath]], took place. This massacre set off further uprisings, which eventually led to the break-up of the Kalmar Union. With the accession of [[Gustav Vasa]] in 1523 and the establishment of a royal power, the population of Stockholm began to grow, reaching ten thousand by 1600.

The 17th century saw Sweden rise into a major European power, reflected in the development of the city of Stockholm. From 1610 to 1680, the population multiplied sixfold. In 1634, Stockholm became the official capital of the Swedish empire. Trading rules were also created that gave Stockholm an essential monopoly over trade between foreign merchants and other Swedish and [[Scandinavia]]n territories.

[[Image:Suecia Stockholm.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Stockholm as a flourishing place of merchancy around 1690. Stadsholmen, today's [[Gamla stan|Old Town]] in the middle. Etching from ''[[Suecia antiqua et hodierna]]'']]

In 1710 Stockholm suffered from the [[Black Death]]. After the end of the [[Great Northern War]] the city stagnated. Population growth halted and economic growth slowed. However, Stockholm maintained its role as the political centre of Sweden and continued to develop culturally under [[Gustav III]]. The royal opera is a good architectural example of this era.

By the second half of the 19th century, Stockholm had regained its leading economic role. New industries emerged, and Stockholm transformed into an important trade and service centre, as well as a key gateway point within Sweden. The population also grew radically during this time, mainly through immigration. At the end of the century, less than 40% of the residents were Stockholm-born. Settlement began to expand outside of the city limits. In the 19th century, a number of scientific institutes opened in Stockholm, including the [[Karolinska Institute]], and the [[General Art and Industrial Exposition of Stockholm (1897)|General Art and Industrial Exposition]] was held in 1897.

During the latter half of the 20th century, Stockholm became a modern, technologically-advanced, and ethnically diverse city. Many historical buildings were torn down, including the entire historical district of [[Klara (Stockholm)|Klara]], and replaced with modern architecture. Throughout the century, many industries shifted away from work-intensive activities into more high-technology and service-industry areas.

The city continued to expand and new districts were created, such as [[Rinkeby]], and [[Tensta]], some with high proportions of immigrants.

{{wide image|Stockholm.jpg|1100px|Stockholm panorama as seen from the tower of [[Stadshuset]], looking east over [[Riddarfjärden]] towards the Old town, Riddarholmen, and Södermalm. To the left, from front to back, [[Centralbron]], [[Strömsborg]] and [[Vasabron]] with [[Riksdag building|Riksdagen]], [[Nationalmuseum|National Museum]] and [[Nordiska museet|Nordic Museum]] further distant; to the right of Riksdagen, the [[Stockholm Palace|Royal Palace]]; center, [[Riddarholmen]] with [[Riddarholmskyrkan]], further back, [[Gamla stan]] with [[Storkyrkan]] and [[Tyska kyrkan]], [[Saltsjön]] with the ferry terminal on the shore of [[Södermalm]]; to the right of Riddarholmen, [[Slussen]] and Södermalm, with [[Globen]] to the far right.}}

==Geography==
[[Image:Metropolitan Stockholm.png|right|thumb|Municipalities of [[Metropolitan Stockholm]]. Stockholm Municipality orange]]
{{main|Geography of Stockholm}}

===Location===
Stockholm is located on Sweden's east coast, where Lake Mälaren meets the [[Baltic Sea]]. The central parts of the city consist of fourteen islands that are continuous with [[Stockholm archipelago]]. The geographical city centre is situated on the water, in the bay [[Riddarfjärden]].

For details about the other municipalities usually considered part of Stockholm, see the municipality in question. North of Stockholm Municipality: [[Järfälla Municipality|Järfälla]], [[Solna Municipality|Solna]], [[Täby Municipality|Täby]], [[Sollentuna Municipality|Sollentuna]], [[Lidingö Municipality|Lidingö]], [[Upplands Väsby Municipality|Upplands Väsby]], [[Österåker Municipality|Österåker]], [[Sigtuna Municipality|Sigtuna]], [[Sundbyberg Municipality|Sundbyberg]], [[Danderyd Municipality|Danderyd]], [[Vallentuna Municipality|Vallentuna]], [[Ekerö Municipality|Ekerö]], [[Upplands-Bro Municipality|Upplands-Bro]], [[Vaxholm Municipality|Vaxholm]], and [[Norrtälje Municipality|Norrtälje]]. South of Stockholm: [[Huddinge Municipality|Huddinge]], [[Nacka Municipality|Nacka]], [[Botkyrka Municipality|Botkyrka]], [[Haninge Municipality|Haninge]], [[Tyresö Municipality|Tyresö]], [[Värmdö Municipality|Värmdö]], [[Södertälje Municipality|Södertälje]], [[Salem Municipality|Salem]], [[Nykvarn Municipality|Nykvarn]] and [[Nynäshamn Municipality|Nynäshamn]].

=== Stockholm Municipality ===
{{main|Stockholm Municipality}}
Stockholm Municipality is an administrative unit defined by geographical borders. The semi-officially adopted name for the municipality is ''City of Stockholm'' (''Stockholms stad'' in Swedish).<ref>In official contexts, the municipality of Stockholm calls itself "stad" (or City), as do a small number of other Swedish municipalities, and especially the other two Swedish metropols: [[Gothenburg]] and [[Malmö]]. However, the term city has administratively been discontinued in Sweden. See also [[city status in Sweden]]</ref> As a municipality, the City of Stockholm is subdivided into district councils, which carry responsibility for primary schools, social, leisure and cultural services within their respective areas. The City of Stockholm is usually described in terms of its three main parts: [[Stockholm City Centre]] (''Innerstaden''), [[South Stockholm]] (''Söderort'') and [[West Stockholm]] (''Västerort''). The districts of these parts are:

{|
|-
![[Stockholm City Centre]]
![[South Stockholm]]
![[West Stockholm]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
*[[Kungsholmen]]
*[[Norrmalm]]
*[[Södermalm]]
*[[Östermalm]]
|
*[[Enskede-Årsta-Vantör]]
*[[Farsta]]
*[[Hägersten-Liljeholmen]]
*[[Skarpnäck]]
*[[Skärholmen]]
*[[Älvsjö]]
|
*[[Bromma]]
*[[Hässelby-Vällingby]]
*[[Rinkeby-Kista]]
*[[Spånga-Tensta]]
|}

=== Climate ===
Stockholm has a [[humid continental climate]] according to the [[Köppen climate classification]] and displays four distinct seasons. Due to the city's high northerly latitude, daylight varies widely from more than 18 hours around midsummer, to only around 6 hours in midwinter. Stockholm has much warmer and sunnier weather than other places in same latitude and what it might be expected, mainly because of the influence of [[Gulf Stream]]. The city enjoys over 1,800 hours of sunshine annually.

Summers are pleasantly warm with average daytime high temperatures of 20 - 23°C (68 - 74°F) and lows of around 14°C (57°F), but temperatures between 25 - 32°C (77 - 90°F) occur on many days during the summer and occasional heat waves occurs few times each year. Winters are cold with temperatures range from -4 to 2°C (23 - 36°F), while spring and autumn are cool to mild, though sometimes warm.

Annual precipitation is 539 mm (21.2 inches) with light rainfall throughout the year. Snow mainly occurs from December through March, but recently winters tends to be virtually free of snow accumulation.
<ref>[http://www.stockholmtown.com/templates/page.aspx?id=2562 Stockholm, ''The Official Visitors Guide'', Climate] [[2006]]-[[07-18]]</ref>
<!--Infobox begins-->{{Infobox Weather
|metric_first=Yes <!--Entering Yes will display metric first. Leave blank for imperial-->
|single_line=Yes <!--Entering Yes will display metric and imperial units on same line.-->
|location = Stockholm
|Jan_Hi_°F =32 |Jan_REC_Hi_°F = <!--REC temps are optional; use sparely-->
|Feb_Hi_°F =32 |Feb_REC_Hi_°F =
|Mar_Hi_°F =39 |Mar_REC_Hi_°F =
|Apr_Hi_°F =50 |Apr_REC_Hi_°F =
|May_Hi_°F = 63 |May_REC_Hi_°F =
|Jun_Hi_°F = 68 |Jun_REC_Hi_°F =
|Jul_Hi_°F = 74 |Jul_REC_Hi_°F =
|Aug_Hi_°F = 70 |Aug_REC_Hi_°F =
|Sep_Hi_°F =61 |Sep_REC_Hi_°F =
|Oct_Hi_°F =53 |Oct_REC_Hi_°F =
|Nov_Hi_°F =43 |Nov_REC_Hi_°F =
|Dec_Hi_°F =36 |Dec_REC_Hi_°F =
|Year_Hi_°F =52 |Year_REC_Hi_°F =
|Jan_Lo_°F = 25 |Jan_REC_Lo_°F =
|Feb_Lo_°F =25 |Feb_REC_Lo_°F =
|Mar_Lo_°F = 29 |Mar_REC_Lo_°F =
|Apr_Lo_°F = 36 |Apr_REC_Lo_°F =
|May_Lo_°F = 45 |May_REC_Lo_°F =
|Jun_Lo_°F = 54 |Jun_REC_Lo_°F =
|Jul_Lo_°F =57 |Jul_REC_Lo_°F =
|Aug_Lo_°F = 57 |Aug_REC_Lo_°F =
|Sep_Lo_°F =50 |Sep_REC_Lo_°F =
|Oct_Lo_°F = 43 |Oct_REC_Lo_°F =
|Nov_Lo_°F = 36 |Nov_REC_Lo_°F =
|Dec_Lo_°F =29 |Dec_REC_Lo_°F =
|Year_Lo_°F = 40 |Year_REC_Lo_°F =

<!--**** use mm or cm but not both! ****-->
|Jan_Precip_mm =39
|Feb_Precip_mm =27
|Mar_Precip_mm = 26
|Apr_Precip_mm =30
|May_Precip_mm = 30
|Jun_Precip_mm =45
|Jul_Precip_mm =72
|Aug_Precip_mm =66
|Sep_Precip_mm = 55
|Oct_Precip_mm = 50
|Nov_Precip_mm = 53
|Dec_Precip_mm =46
|Year_Precip_mm =539
|source =World Weather Information Service <ref name=eather1>{{cite web
| url =http://www.worldweather.org/096/c00187.htm | title =Weather Information for Stockholm | accessmonthday =6 Jan | accessyear = 2008
| publisher =World Weather Information Service] | language = }}</ref>
|accessdate = 2008-01-06
}}<!--Infobox ends-->

==Politics and government==
{{main|Stockholm Municipality}}
Municipalities are responsible for government-mandated duties, and elections for the [[Municipal council]] are held every four years, parallel to the [[Swedish general election, 2002|general elections]].

Following the [[Stockholm municipal election, 2006|2006 municipal elections]], the seats are divided in the following way:
{|
! The governing parties
! Parties in opposition
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
*The [[Moderate Party]] 41
*The [[Liberal People's Party (Sweden)|Liberal People's Party]] 10
*The [[Christian Democrats (Sweden)|Christian Democrats]] 3
*The [[Centre Party (Sweden)|Centre Party]] 1
|
*The [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|Social Democrats]] 27
*The [[Left Party (Sweden)|Left Party]] 9
*The [[Green Party (Sweden)|Green Party]] 10
|}

The [[Mayor of Stockholm]] is as of April 2008 [[Sten Nordin]] from the Moderate Party.

==Economy==
The vast majority of Stockholmians work in the service industry, which accounts for roughly 85% of jobs in Stockholm. The almost total absence of heavy industry makes Stockholm one of the world's cleanest [[metropolis]]es. The last decade has seen a significant number of jobs created in [[high technology]] companies. Large employers include [[IBM]], [[Ericsson]], and [[Electrolux]]. A major IT centre is located in [[Kista]], in northern Stockholm.

Stockholm is Sweden's financial centre. Major Swedish banks, such as [[Swedbank]], [[Handelsbanken]], and [[Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken]], are headquartered in Stockholm, as are the major insurance companies [[Skandia]] and [[Trygg-Hansa]]. Stockholm is also home to Sweden's foremost stock exchange, the [[Stockholm Stock Exchange]] (''Stockholmsbörsen''). Finally, about 45% of Swedish companies with more than 200 employees are headquartered in Stockholm.<ref name="Business">[http://www.stockholmbusinessregion.se/templates/page____12283.aspx Näringslivet i siffror] — Stockholm Business Region website</ref>
Famous clothes retailer [[H&M]] is also headquartered in the city. In the last years, tourism has played an important part in the city's economy. Between 1991&ndash;2004, annual overnight stays increased from 4 to 7.7 million.<ref>[http://www.stockholmbusinessregion.se/templates/page____12282.aspx "Besöksnäring"] — Stockholm Business Region website</ref>

Largest companies by number of employees:<ref>Statistical Yearbook of Stockholm 2006, section Labour Market and Manufacturing, p. 244 [http://www.stockholm.se/files/99900-99999/file_99968.pdf pdf file]</ref>
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
*[[Ericsson]] &ndash; 8,430
*[[Posten (Sweden)|Posten]] &ndash; 4,710
*[[Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken]] (SEB) &ndash; 4,240
*[[Swedbank]] &ndash; 3,610
*[[Södersjukhuset]] (Southern Hospital) &ndash; 3,610
*[[Nordea]] &ndash; 2,820
*[[Handelsbanken]] &ndash; 2,800
*[[IBM Svenska]] &ndash; 2,640
*[[Capgemini]] &ndash; 2,500
*[[Securitas AB]] &ndash; 2,360
*[[Connex]] &ndash; 2,300
*[[ISS Facility Services]] &ndash; 2,000
*[[Sveriges Television]] (public television) &ndash; 1,880
*[[Sodexho]] &ndash; 1,580
</div>

==Education==
{{main|Education in Stockholm}}
[[Image:Royal institute of technology Sweden 20050616.jpg|thumb|Main campus of the [[Royal Institute of Technology]].]]
Research and higher education in the sciences started in Stockholm in the 18th century, with an education in medicine and various research institutions, such as the [[Stockholm Observatory]]. The medical education was eventually formalized in 1811 as the [[Karolinska Institutet]]. The [[Royal Institute of Technology]] (''Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan'', or ''KTH'') was founded in 1827 and is currently Scandinavia's largest higher education institute of technology with 13,000 students. [[Stockholm University]], founded in 1878 with university status granted in 1960, has 52,000 students as of 2008. It also incorporates many historical institutions, such as the Observatory, the [[Swedish Museum of Natural History]], and the botanical garden ''[[Bergianska trädgården]]''. The [[Stockholm School of Economics]], founded in 1909, is one of few private institutions of higher education in Sweden.

In the [[fine arts]], educational institutions include the [[Royal College of Music, Stockholm|Royal College of Music]], which has a history going back to the conservatory founded as part of the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Music]] in 1771, the [[Royal University College of Fine Arts]], which has a similar historical association with the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Arts]] and a foundation date of 1735, and the [[Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting]], which is the continuation of the school of the [[Royal Dramatic Theatre]], once attended by [[Greta Garbo]]. Other schools include the design school [[Konstfack]], founded in 1844, the [[University College of Opera, Stockholm|University College of Opera]] (founded in 1968, but with older roots), the [[University College of Dance]], and the ''[[Stockholms Musikpedagogiska Institut]]'' (the University College of Music Education).

The [[Södertörn University College]] was founded in 1995 as a multidisciplinary institution for southern [[Metropolitan Stockholm]], to balance the many institutions located in the northern part of the region.

Other institutes of higher education are:
[[Image:Karlbergs slott från Stadshagen.jpg|thumb|[[Military Academy Karlberg]].]]
*[[Military Academy Karlberg]], the world's oldest military academy to remain in its original location, inaugurated in 1792 and housed in [[Karlberg Palace]].
*[[Ersta Sköndal University College]]
*The [[Stockholm School of Theology]] (''Teologiska Högskolan, Stockholm'')
*The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (''[[Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan]]'', or ''GIH'')
*The [[Stockholm Institute of Education]] (''Lärarhögskolan i Stockholm'')

== Demographics ==
The Stockholm region is home to around 20% of Sweden's total population, and accounts for about 25% of the [[gross domestic product]].<ref name="Business">[http://www.stockholmbusinessregion.se/templates/page____12283.aspx Näringslivet i siffror] Stockholm Business Region website</ref> The geographical notion of "Stockholm" has changed throughout the times. By the turn of the 19th century, Stockholm basically consisted of the area today known as [[Stockholm City Centre|City Centre]], roughly {{convert|35|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} or 1/5 of the current municipal area. In the ensuing decades several other areas were incorporated (such as [[Brännkyrka Municipality]] in 1913, at which time it had 25,000 inhabitants, and [[Spånga]] in 1949). The municipal border was established in 1971 &ndash; with the exception of [[Hansta]], in 1982 purchased by Stockholm Municipality from [[Sollentuna Municipality]] and today a nature reserve.<ref name=SthlmStatistic2006>[http://www.stockholm.se/Extern/Templates/Page.aspx?id=76458 Stockholm Statistical Yearbook, 2006 (''Stockholms statistiska årsbok för 2006'')] City of Stockholm website, May 2006. The numbers provided by Stockholm Office of Research and Statistics, or ''Utrednings- och statistikkontoret (USK)'', in Swedish. ([http://www.stockholm.se/Extern/Templates/Page.aspx?id=76465 USK official web information in English]</ref>

[[Image:Riksdagen-fran-vattnet-2004-05-09.jpg|right|230px||thumb|Riksdag parlament house]]
[[Image:Stureplan 2007.jpg|right|thumb|230px|Stureplan]]
[[Image:Kulturhuset 2007.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Sergelstorg]]

Of the population of 765,044 (2004), 370,482 were men and 394,562 women. The average age is 39.8 years; 40.5% of the population is between 20 and 44 years.<ref name="autogenerated1">x</ref> 309,480 people, or 40.4% of the population, over the age 15 were unmarried. 211,115 people, or 27.5% of the population, were married. 85,373, or 11.1% of the population, had been married but divorced.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> 18% of residents are foreigners.<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/0/41/36673908.pdf OECD Territorial Reviews: Stockholm], May 2006</ref>

=== Historical population ===
Population in the City of Stockholm from 1750 to present:<ref name=SthlmStatistic2006/>
{|
!Year &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; || Stockholm &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|| Nationwide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; || Stockholm % of nation
|-
|1750 || 60,018 || 1,780,678 || 3.4
|-
|1800 || 75,517 || 2,347,303 || 3.2
|-
|1850 || 93,070 || 3,482,541 || 2.7
|-
|1900 || 300,624 || 5,136,441 || 5.9
|-
|1910 || 342,323 || 5,522 403 || 6.2
|-
|1920 || 419,440 || 5,904,489 || 7.1
|-
|1930 || 502,213 || 6,142,191 || 8.2
|-
|1940 || 590,503 || 6,371,432 || 9.3
|-
|1950 || 744,143 || 7,041,829 || 10.6
|-
|1960 || 808,294 || 7,500,161 || 10.8
|-
|1970 || 740,486 || 8,091,782 || 9.2
|-
|1980 || 647,214 || 8,317,937 || 7.8
|-
|1985 || 659,030 || 8,358,139 || 7.9
|-
|1990 || 674,452 || 8,590,630 || 7.9
|-
|1995 || 711,119 || 8,837,496 || 8.0
|-
|2000 || 750,348 || 8,882,792 || 8.4
|-
|2005 || 771,038 || 9,047,752 || 8.5
|-
|2007 || 788,269 || 9,127,058 || 8.6
|}
In the last century, the population of nearby municipalities in [[Stockholm County]] has become relevant to mention as well as the population of [[Stockholm Municipality]], as many municipalities form part of the [[Stockholm urban area]] and as such are often considered part of the general term "Stockholm".<ref name=SthlmStatistic2006/>

As of 2000, Stockholm urban area extended into 11 municipalities (Stockholm Municipality 750,000 inh.; [[Huddinge Municipality|Huddinge]] 82,891; [[Järfälla Municipality|Järfälla]] 60,254; [[Solna Municipality|Solna]] 56,605; [[Sollentuna Municipality|Sollentuna]] 53,715; [[Botkyrka Municipality|Botkyrka]] 48,268; [[Haninge Municipality|Haninge]] 40,151; [[Tyresö Municipality|Tyresö]] 36,483; [[Sundbyberg Municipality|Sundbyberg]] 33,868; [[Nacka Municipality|Nacka]] 25,170; [[Danderyd Municipality|Danderyd]] 24,600) and a total population of 1,200,000 inhabitants. In the entire Stockholm County, with its 26 municipalities, the population reaches 1,900,000 inhabitants.<ref name=SthlmStatistic2006/>


{{wide image|Stockholm stadshuset.jpg|1800px|Stockholm City Centre}}

==Culture==
[[Image:Hoghus 1-5 2007a.jpg|200px|thumb|left|[[Hötorgsskraporna]] AKA Hötorget Buildings]]
{{main|Culture in Stockholm}}
Apart from being a large city with an active cultural life, Stockholm, as Sweden's capital, houses many national cultural institutions. There are two [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage site]]s in the Stockholm area: the [[Drottningholm Palace|Royal Palace Drottningholm]] (within [[Ekerö Municipality]]) and the [[Skogskyrkogården]] (The Woodland Cemetery).

Stockholm was the 1998 [[European Capital of Culture|European City of Culture]].
[[Image:Drottningholmpalace.jpg|right|thumb|The castle of [[Drottningholm]].]]

=== Literature ===
Authors connected to Stockholm include the poet and songwriter [[Carl Michael Bellman]] (1740&ndash;1795), novelist and dramatist [[August Strindberg]] (1849–1912), and novelist [[Hjalmar Söderberg]] (1869–1941), all of whom made Stockholm part of their works. Other authors with notable heritage in Stockholm were the [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate]] [[Eyvind Johnson]] (1900&ndash;1976) and the popular poet and composer [[Evert Taube]] (1890&ndash;1976). The novelist [[Per Anders Fogelström]] (1917–1998) wrote a popular series of historical novels depicting life in Stockholm from the 19th to the mid-20th century.

=== Architecture ===
[[Image:Stockholm old town 2002.jpg|right|thumb|[[Gamla stan|Stockholm Old Town]].]]
[[Image:Stockholm Port.jpg|right|thumb|Strandvägen as seen from the island of [[Djurgården]].]]
[[Image:Sodertornet at night.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Södertorn, an 86 meter tall building in [[Södermalm]].]]
[[Image:Hotorget-2003-05-12.jpg|left|thumb|[[Hötorget]].]]
The city's oldest section is “[[Gamla Stan]]” (Old Town), located on the original small islands of the city's earliest settlements and still featuring the [[medieval]] street layout. Some notable buildings of Gamla Stan are the large German Church (''Tyska kyrkan'') and several mansions and palaces: the ''[[Riddarhuset]]'' (the House of Nobles), the [[Bonde Palace]], the [[Tessin Palace]] and the [[Oxenstierna Palace]]. The oldest building in Stockholm is the [[Riddarholmskyrkan]] from the late 13th century. After a fire in 1697 when the original medieval castle was destroyed, [[Stockholm Palace]] was erected in a [[baroque]] style. [[Storkyrkan]] Cathedral, the episcopal seat of the Bishop of Stockholm, stands next to the castle. It was founded in the 13th century but is clad in a baroque exterior dating to the 18th century.

As early as the 15th century, the city had expanded outside of its original borders. Some pre-industrial, small-scale buildings from this era can still be found in [[Södermalm]]. During the 19th century and the age of industrialization Stockholm grew rapidly, with plans and architecture inspired by the large cities of the continent such as [[Berlin]] and [[Vienna]]. Notable works of this time period include public buildings such as the [[Royal Swedish Opera]] and private developments such as the luxury housing developments on [[Strandvägen]].

In the 20th century, a nationalistic push spurred a new architectural style inspired by medieval and renaissance ancestry as well as influences of the [[Jugend]]/[[Art Nouveau]] style. A key landmark of Stockholm, the [[Stockholm City Hall]], was erected 1911–1923 by architect [[Ragnar Östberg]]. Other notable works of these times are the [[Stockholm Public Library]] and the Forest Cemetery, [[Skogskyrkogården]].

In the 1930s [[modernism]] characterized the development of the city as it grew. New residential areas sprang up such as the development on [[Gärdet]] while industrial development added to the growth, such as the KF manufacturing industries on Kvarnholmen located in the [[Nacka Municipality]]. In the 1950s, suburban development entered a new phase with the introduction of the [[Stockholm metro]]. The modernist developments of [[Vällingby]] and [[Farsta]] were internationally praised. In the 1960s this suburban development continued but with the aesthetic of the times, the industrialised and mass-produced blocks of flats received a large amount of criticism.

At the same time that this suburban development was happening the most central areas of the inner city were being redesigned. [[Sergels Torg]], with its five high-rise office towers was created in the 1960s, followed by the total clearance of large areas to make room for new development projects. The most notable buildings from this period is the ensemble of the House of Culture, City Theatre and National Bank at Sergels Torg, designed by architect [[Peter Celsing]].

In the 1980s the planning ideas of modernism were starting to be questioned, resulting in suburbs with a denser planning, such as [[Skarpnäck]]. In the 1990's this idea was taken further with the development of and old industrial area close to the inner city, resulting in a sort of mix of modernistic and urban planning in the new area of [[Hammarby Sjöstad]].

The municipality has appointed an official "board of beauty" called "[[Stockholm Beauty Council|Skönhetsrådet]]" to protect and preserve the beauty of the city.<ref>[http://www.stockholm.se/skonhetsradet Skönhetsrådet]</ref>

=== Museums ===
[[Image:Djurgarden.jpg|thumb|right|[[Nordic Museum]].]]
[[Image:Nationalmuseum stockholm 20050902 001.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nationalmuseum]].]]

Stockholm is one of the most crowded museum-cities in the world with around 100 museums, visited by millions of people every year.<ref>[http://www.stockholmtown.com/templates/CategoryList____2920.aspx Museer & attraktioner - Stockholms officiella besöksguide, kartor, hotell och evenemang<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The most renowned national museum is the [[Nationalmuseum]],{{Fact|date=February 2007}} with Sweden's largest collection of art: 16,000 paintings and 30,000 objects of art handicraft. The collection dates back to the days of [[Gustav Vasa]] in the 16th century, and has since been expanded with works by artists such as [[Rembrandt]], and [[Antoine Watteau]], as well as constituting a main part of Sweden's art heritage, manifested in the works of [[Alexander Roslin]], [[Anders Zorn]], [[Johan Tobias Sergel]], [[Carl Larsson]], [[Carl Fredrik Hill]] and [[Ernst Josephson]].

The Museum of Modern Art, or [[Moderna Museet]], is Sweden's national museum of modern art. It has works by famous modern artists such as [[Picasso]] and [[Salvador Dalí]].

Other notable museums:
* [[Stockholm City Museum]]
* [[Skansen]], the archetype of [[open air museum]]s, inaugurated 1891.
* [[Nordic Museum]], dedicated to the cultural history and ethnography of Sweden.
* The [[Vasa Museum]], now with the reconstruction of the missing parts of the [[Regalskeppet Vasa|Vasa Ship]].

===Outer suburbs===
The outer Stockholm suburbs are places with diverse cultural background. Some areas in the outer suburbs, including those of [[Tensta]], [[Jordbro]], [[Fittja]], [[Husby]], [[Rinkeby]], [[Kista]], [[Hagsätra]], [[Rågsved]], [[Södertälje]], [[Huddinge]], have high percentages of immigrants or second generation immigrants. These mainly come from the [[Middle East]] ([[Assyrians]], [[Syriacs]], [[Turks]] and [[Kurds]]) and former [[Yugoslavia]], but there are also immigrants from [[Africa]], [[Southeast Asia]] and [[Latin America]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}} Other parts of the outer suburbs, such as [[Hässelby]], [[Vällingby]], [[Flysta]] and [[Hökarängen]], as well as some of the suburbs mentioned above, have a majority of [[Swedish people|ethnic Swedes]].

=== Theatres ===
[[Image:Operan Stockholm.jpg|thumb|200px|The opera house, as seen from the west]]
Distinguished among Stockholm's many theatres are the [[Royal Dramatic Theatre]] (''Dramaten''), one of Europe's most renowned theatres, and the [[Royal Swedish Opera]], inaugurated in 1773.

Other notable theatres are the [[Stockholm City Theatre]] (Stockholms stadsteater), the Peoples Opera (''[[Folkoperan]]''), the Modern Theatre of Dance (''Moderna dansteatern''), the [[Chinateatern|China Theatre]], the [[Göta Lejon]] Theatre, the [[Mosebacke|Mosebacke Theatre]], and the [[Oscarsteatern|Oscar Theatre]].

=== Amusement Park ===
[[Gröna Lund]] is an amusement park located on the island of [[Djurgården]]. It is open from end of April to middle of September and also opens during Christmas for market. [[Gröna Lund]] also serves as a concert venue.

=== Media ===
Stockholm is the media centre of Sweden. It has four nation-wide daily newspapers and is also the central location of the publicly-funded radio ([[Sveriges Radio|SR]]) and television ([[Sveriges Television|SVT]]). In addition, all other major television channels have their base in Stockholm, such as: [[TV3 (Viasat)|TV3]], [[TV4 AB|TV4]], and [[TV6 (Sweden)|TV6]]. All major magazines are also located to Stockholm, as are the largest literature publisher, the [[Bonnier]] group.

=== Sports ===
[[Image:Stockholms Olympiastadion, 070310.JPG|250|px|right|thumb|[[Stockholm Olympic Stadium]].]]

The most popular spectator sports are [[Association football|football]] and [[ice hockey]]. The three most popular teams are [[AIK]], [[Djurgårdens IF]] and [[Hammarby IF]].

Historically, the city was the host of the [[1912 Summer Olympics]]. From those days stem the [[Stockholms Olympiastadion]] which has since hosted numerous sports events, notably football and athletics. Other major sport arenas are [[Råsunda Stadium]], the national football stadium, and [[Stockholm Globe Arena]], a multi-sport arena and one of the largest spherical buildings in the world.

Stockholm also hosted all but one of the [[Nordic Games]], a winter [[multi-sport event]] that predated the [[Winter Olympics]].

===Yearly events===
*[[Stockholm Jazz Festival]] is one of Sweden's oldest festivals. The festival takes place at Skeppsholmen in July. <ref>[http://www.stockholmjazz.com/?option=switch_language Stockholm Jazz]</ref>
*[[Stockholm Pride]] is the largest Pride event in the Nordic countries and takes place in the last week of July every year. The Stockholm Pride always ends with a parade and in 2007, 50 000 people marched with the parade and about 500 000 watched it.<ref>[http://www.stockholmpride.org/ Stockholm Pride]</ref>
*The [[Stockholm Marathon]] takes place on a Saturday in early June each year
*The [[Nobel Banquet]] takes place at [[Stockholm City Hall]] every year on December 10
*The [[Stockholm Culture Festival]]
*The [[Ung08 festival]] takes place every year the week before school starts, mainly the second or third week of August.

=== Gallery of some notable buildings ===
<gallery>
Image:Stortorget Gamla Stan Buildings.JPG | Historical buildings in [[Gamla stan|Old town]]
Image:Royal-Palace-Stockholm_2.jpg | [[Stockholm Palace]], the official residence of the Royal Family, with its appearance consecrated between 1730–1830.
Image:Townhallstockholm.jpg|[[Stockholm City Hall]] by architect [[Ragnar Östberg]], view over [[Lake Mälaren]]
Image:Dramaten_050701.JPG | [[Royal Dramatic Theatre]], One of Stockholm's many theatres
Image:Grand hotel stockholm 20050902.jpg|Five star luxury [[Grand Hôtel (Stockholm)|Grand Hôtel]]
Image:Globen Stockholm February 2007.jpg|[[Stockholm Globe Arena]]
Image:NK Stocholm.jpg|Shopping mall of [[Nordiska Kompaniet]]
Image:Grona lund 20050902 001.jpg|Amusement Park of [[Gröna Lund]] located on the island of [[Djurgården]]
</gallery>

==Transport==
===Public transport===
{{main|Public transport in Stockholm}}
[[Image:Ny pendeltag stockholm.jpg|left|thumb|Greater Stockholm's commuter train]]

Stockholm has an extensive [[public transport]] system. It consists of the [[Stockholm Metro]] (''Tunnelbana''); three regional/suburban rail systems: [[Stockholm commuter rail|commuter rail]] (''pendeltåg''), [[Roslagsbanan]], and [[Saltsjöbanan]]; three light rail systems: [[Nockebybanan]], [[Lidingöbanan]], and [[Tvärbanan]]; a large number of bus lines, and an inner-city boat line.
All the land-based public transport in [[Stockholm County]], except the airport buses/trains, are organized by [[Storstockholms Lokaltrafik]] (''SL''), with the operation and maintenance of the public transport services delegated to several contractors, such as [[Veolia Transport]] who operate the metro and regional/suburban railways except for the [[Stockholm commuter rail|commuter rail]]. The archipelago boat traffic is handled by [[Waxholmsbolaget]].

[[Image:Stockholm Tunnelbana train C20.jpg|thumb|Stockholm metro (tunnelbana)]]
SL has a common ticket system in the entire Stockholm County, which allows for easy travel between different modes of transport. The tickets are of two main types, single ticket and [[travel card]]s, both allowing for unlimited travel with SL in the entire Stockholm County for the duration of the ticket validity. Starting April 1st, 2007, a new zone system(A,B,C) and price system applies for single tickets. Single tickets are now available in forms of cash ticket, individual unit pre-paid tickets, pre-paid ticket slips of 10, sms-ticket and machine ticket. Cash tickets bought at the point of travel are the most expensive and pre-paid tickets slips of 10 are the cheapest. A single ticket is valid for one hour. The duration of the travel card validity depends on the exact type, they are available from 24 hours up to a year. A 30-day card costs 690&nbsp;SEK (73&nbsp;EUR; 115&nbsp;USD). Tickets of all these types are available with reduced price for persons under 20 and over 65 years old.

=== Roads ===
Stockholm is at the junction of the [[International E-road network|European routes]] [[European route E4|E4]], [[European route E18|E18]] and [[European route E20|E20]]. A [[Stockholm ring road|half-completed motorway ring road]] exists on the south and west sides of the [[Stockholm City Centre|City Centre]].

====Congestion charges====
{{main|Stockholm congestion tax}}

[[Image:Essingeleden southbound at Nyboda.jpg|thumb|right|[[Essingeleden]], part of E4 and E20]]
[[Image:Betalstation Liljeholmen2.JPG|thumb|right|Congestion tax control point]]

Stockholm has a [[Road pricing|congestion pricing]] system, [[Stockholm congestion tax]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Congestion tax in Stockholm from 1 August|publisher=[[Swedish Road Administration]]|url=http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____17154.aspx|accessdate=2007-08-02}}</ref> in use on a permanent basis since [[August 1]], [[2007]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Trängselskatt i Stockholm|publisher=[[Swedish Road Administration]]|url=http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____10911.aspx|accessdate=2007-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Odramatisk start för biltullarna|publisher=[[Dagens Nyheter]]|url=http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1298&a=676098|date=2007-08-01|accessdate=2007-08-01}}</ref> after having had a seven month trial period in the first half of 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stockholmsförsöket|publisher=Stockholmsförsöket|url=http://www.stockholmsforsoket.se/|accessdate=2007-07-18}}</ref> The [[Stockholm City Centre|City Centre]] is within the congestion tax zone. All the entrances and exits of this area have unmanned control points operating with [[automatic number plate recognition]]. All vehicles entering or exiting the congestion tax affected area, with a few exceptions, have to pay 10&ndash;20&nbsp;[[Swedish krona|SEK]] (1.09&ndash;2.18&nbsp;[[Euro|EUR]], 1.49&ndash;2.98&nbsp;[[United States dollar|USD]]) depending on the time of day between 06:30 and 18:29. The maximum tax amount per vehicle per day is 60&nbsp;SEK (6.53&nbsp;EUR, 8.94 USD).<ref>{{cite web|title=Tider och belopp|publisher=[[Swedish Road Administration]]|url=http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____21106.aspx|accessdate=2007-08-01}}</ref> Payment is done by various means within 14 days after one has passed one of the control points, one cannot pay at the control points.<ref>{{cite web|title=Betalning|publisher=[[Swedish Road Administration]]|url=http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____10914.aspx|accessdate=2007-08-01}}</ref>

After the trial period was over, consultative referendums were held in Stockholm Municipality and several other municipalities in Stockholm County. The then-reigning government ([[Cabinet of Göran Persson|cabinet Persson]]) stated that they would only take into consideration the results of the referendum in Stockholm Municipality. The opposition parties ([[Alliance for Sweden]]) stated that if they were to form a cabinet after the [[Swedish general election, 2006|general election]]&mdash;which was held the same day as the congestion tax referendums&mdash;they would take into consideration the referendums held in several the other municipalities as well, but didn't specify more in detail how they would do that. The results of the referendums were that the Stockholm Municipality voted for the congestion tax, but all the other municipalities voted against it. The opposition parties won the general election and a few days before they formed government ([[Cabinet of Fredrik Reinfeldt|cabinet Reinfeldt]]) they announced that the congestion tax would be reintroduced in Stockholm, but that the revenue would go entirely to road construction in and around Stockholm. During the trial period and according to the agenda of the previous government the revenue went entirely to public transport.

=== Ferries ===
[[Image:Djurgarden 10 Stockholm Sweden 2006-04-15.jpg|thumb|left|Djurgården ferry]]
Stockholm has regular ferry lines to [[Helsinki]] and [[Turku]] in [[Finland]] (commonly called "[[Ruotsinlaiva|Finlandsfärjan]]"); [[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]]; [[Riga]], [[Latvia]]; and to the [[Åland]] islands. Travelers are no longer able to take a direct ferry to [[St. Petersburg]], Russia as of 1998. One must first ferry to Helsinki and then onto St. Petersburg.

The large [[Stockholm archipelago]] is served by the [[Waxholmsbolaget]] archipelago boats.

===Airports===
[[Image:Arlanda Express, Stockholm.jpg|thumb|right|Arlanda Express Train at [[Stockholm C|Stockholm Central Station]]]]
[[Stockholm-Arlanda Airport]] is the largest and busiest airport in Sweden with 18 million passengers in 2007.
It is located about 40 km north of Stockholm.

* International and domestic:
**[[Stockholm-Arlanda Airport]] is the primary airport for the region and serves as a hub for [[Scandinavian Airlines]].
**[[Stockholm-Bromma Airport]]
*Only international:
**[[Stockholm-Skavsta Airport]] is located 100 km (62.5 miles) south of Stockholm.
**[[Stockholm-Västerås Airport]] is located 110 km (68 miles) west of Stockholm, in the city of [[Västerås]].

[[Flygbussarna]] bus lines run to and from central Stockholm from all the airports, and the [[Arlanda Express]] [[airport rail link]] runs between Arlanda Airport and Stockholm.

===Inter-city trains===
[[Image:Stockholm Centralstation.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Stockholm Centralstation]]
The [[Stockholm Central Station]] has train connections to many Swedish towns, and to [[Oslo]] and [[Copenhagen]]. The popular [[X2000]]-service to [[Gothenburg]] takes three hours. Most of the trains are run by [[SJ AB]].

== Twin towns ==
The policy of Stockholm is to have informal [[town twinning]] with all capitals of the world, its main focus being those in northern Europe. Stockholm does not sign any formal town twinning treaties, although the city claims to have established such treaties in the past which are still valid.<ref>[http://www.stockholm.se/Extern/Templates/Page.aspx?id=77307 "Internationell strategi"] -- Stockholm Stads official website</ref>

The cities claiming to have been twinned with Stockholm are:
*{{flagicon|Albania}} [[Tirana]], Albania<ref>Twinning Cities: International Relations. Municipality of Tirana. www.tirana.gov.al. Retrieved on 2008-01-25.</ref>
*{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Warsaw]], Poland
*{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kiev]], Ukraine
*{{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Cali]], Colombia
*{{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Sarajevo]], Bosnia Herzegovina
*{{flagicon|Russia}} [[St. Petersburg]], Russia
*{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], Turkey
*{{flagicon|Montenegro}} [[Podgorica]], Montenegro
*{{flagicon|Iceland}} [[Reykjavik]], Iceland
*{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Riga]], Latvia<ref>http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm</ref>
*{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Khemisset]], Morocco

==References and notes ==
{{reflist|2}}

==See also==
*[[Largest European metropolitan areas]]
*[[Ports of the Baltic Sea]]
*[[List of people connected to Stockholm]]
*[[Stockholmska]]
*[[Stockholm syndrome]]

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Stockholm}}
*[http://www.stockholm.se/english Stockholm] - Official website
*[http://www.stockholmtown.com/Default.aspx?epslanguage=EN Stockholm Visitors Board] - The official visitors' guide
*[http://wikitravel.org/en/Stockholm Stockholm travel guide] from [[Wikitravel]]
*[http://www.stockholmskallan.se/index.php?sokning=22 The Stockholm Source – Our cultural heritage on the web]
*[http://www.adventurestockholm.com/ Adventure Stockholm – Information about clubs, bars and adventures in Stockholm]

{{Hanseatic League}}
{{Capital cities of the European Union}}
{{European Capital of Culture}}
{{Olympic Summer Games Host Cities}}

{{coord|59|21|N|18|04|E|region:SE_type:city|display=title}}

[[Category:Stockholm| ]]
[[Category:Stockholm urban area]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Sweden]]
[[Category:Baltic Sea]]
[[Category:Capitals in Europe]]
[[Category:Cities in Sweden]]
[[Category:Coastal cities and towns in Sweden]]
[[Category:Host cities of the Summer Olympic Games]]
[[Category:Metropolitan Stockholm]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Stockholm County]]

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