3-A rule

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The 3-A rule (also: the three A's of radiation protection, AAA rule) applies to ABC missions by the rescue services and fire brigades and generally when dealing with radiating substances. It intervenes seamlessly in the GAMS rule , especially when work has to be carried out in the danger zone .

The 3-A rule states:

  • A opening gap
  • A SUBSISTENCE
  • A bschirmung

distance

The A opening gap for hazardous substance is intended as large as possible to be. Since the effect of pollutants such as ionizing radiation decreases significantly with distance, safe removal is the best protection. For this reason, it is important to ensure that the barrier is appropriately dimensioned for the situation. But even when handling the radiant materials themselves, the necessary distance is also taken into account by using spacing tools such as grippers or a shovel.

Maintaining a safety distance is particularly important when handling radioactive substances. Here the square law of distance comes into play. This says: "If you double the distance to a radiation source, the dose rate is reduced to a quarter."

Length of stay

Depending shorter the A ufenthaltsdauer in the danger zone, the less pollutant can act on the body. This is particularly important because the concentration of pollutants in the body usually adds up.

shielding

The term A bschirmung especially the prospect a suitable cover coat (for example, at risk of explosion -. Behälterzerknall ), as well as the shielding means of suitable protective clothing . This starts with personal protective equipment (protection level 1 - against thermal radiation) and extends to gas-tight chemical protection suits with additional thermal insulation (protection level 4). The minimum equipment when using hazardous substances (especially when exploring and rescuing people) should consist of complete personal protective equipment including heavy breathing protection .

See also: Half-value shift in radiation protection

4A rule

In Switzerland, the rule of thumb is to a fourth on the ABC Defense A supplements, which for A Respiratory protection is, which is basically mandatory for NBC incidents. Especially in medicine or engineering is the fourth A as A interpreted ktivität. In both cases one speaks of the 4A rule.

activity

Activity describes the radiation from a substance. Therefore, the activity should be as low as possible . This point is mainly used in industry, since the activity of the substance must be known. Therefore, this fourth point is not taken into account in the rule of thumb for emergency services.

See also

Further memory rules in the area of ​​"Authorities and Organizations with Safety Tasks" (BOS): List of memory aids in fire services

Individual evidence

  1. L. Kasakov (ed.), "OTA textbook: Training for surgical assistants", Springer-Verlag, 2014, p. 68
  2. H. Krieger, "Fundamentals of radiation physics and radiation protection", Springer-Verlag, 4th edition 2012, p. 591ff
  3. Manual for NBC operations, Chapter 2.4.1 (E-Paper), Swiss Fire Brigade Coordination