Acid Citrate Dextrose
Acid-Citrate-Dextrose, ACD (or ACD stabilizer ), is a solution of citric acid , sodium citrate and D-glucose in water, and was published in 1943 by Loutit et al. designed. Its pH value is 5.0. After mixing with blood, the pH value of the blood reserve is a maximum of 7.0. As a stabilizer, it prevents coagulation ( clotting ) of the blood . The average survival rate 24 hours after the transfusion after three weeks of storage is 70%. It is used in laboratory medicine to make blood samples incoagulable or as a heparin substitute.
ACD used to be the anticoagulant of choice for dog and cat blood storage. It is available in two formulations: ACD-A should be used at a concentration of 1 ml ACD for 7 to 9 ml blood. It is mainly used nowadays for whole blood transfusions or transfusions of cat blood. ACD-B contains less citrate and is therefore used in a concentration of 1 ml ACD for 4 ml blood. Indications for the use of ACD-B are in particular plasmapheresis , cytapheresis and plasma donation in human medicine. The lifespan of canine erythrocytes in ACD-B is approximately 3 weeks.
Individual evidence
- ↑ `` Eisenbrandt and Smith, 1973a, b and 1974; Smith et al., 1978.
Web links
- Citric Acid-Sodium Citrate-Glucose Mixtures For Blood Storage QJ Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci 1943; 32; 183-202 (PDF; 4 kB)
- Functional changes in the red blood cells during their storage in canned whole blood or erythrocyte concentrates from horses Inaugural dissertation, presented by Beatrix Barthel at the Free University of Berlin (PDF)
