Agriculture

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Agriculture is a term for agriculture that is often used in multilingual or translated texts, literally transposing the English agriculture .

In addition, the term is used as a political catchphrase to highlight traditional peasant agriculture over industrial agriculture . This is intended to highlight the positive effects that agriculture can bring about with regard to the environment , the climate , biodiversity and society.

Concept, meaning and origin

Agriculture is a critical term that encompasses all rural phenomena that counterbalance industrial agriculture . As early as 2008, the World Agricultural Report came to the conclusion that industrial land management, with its extreme focus on mechanization , rationalization and market economy, is not sustainable for sustainable food security and names small-scale, multifunctional and locally oriented land management in the fight against hunger and poverty as a future-proof model. The term agriculture in this sense was introduced in the mid-1980s by the Schweisfurth Foundation , which introduced an innovation in agriculture in its statutes and its foundation mandate and the like. a. as a goal for an environmentally, human and animal friendly agriculture.

The author Nikolai Fuchs chooses a different approach, who describes agricultural culture in his volume Evolutive Agricultural Culture in the context of biodynamic agriculture according to Rudolf Steiner . As an evolutionary agricultural culture, the author understands agriculture, which is thought less in terms of nature, but rather in terms of people. Human development should be promoted through agriculture and its products.

More recently, the term has also been increasingly discovered by organic associations and other organizations:

  • Bio-Austria
  • Demeter eV
  • Gen-ethical network eV

Within the Critical Agricultural Report, agriculture represents a separate article category alongside agricultural policy, international relations, production and the market, regional development, animal husbandry and animal welfare, social situation, agriculture and ecology, genetic engineering, organic farming, consumers and forests. The agricultural ethicist Franz-Theo Gottwald defines agricultural culture as a “rural-village lifestyle”, which can be “understood from a holistic perspective as agricultural culture in the true sense of the word”. In addition, there is the approach of seeing agricultural culture in the light of a landscape-cultural development. The decisive factor here is the preservation and development of a cultural landscape that is close to nature and can exist against the background of a tourist use (e.g. landscape care association Mecklenburg Agrarkultur eV)

literature

  • Agrarbündnis eV (Ed.): The critical agricultural report 2012. Data, reports, background information, positions on the agricultural debate. Focus: Working together for a different agriculture. ISBN 978-3-930413-52-2 .
  • Andreas Bodenstedt, Andreas Nebelung: Ecological Sociology / Agricultural Theory. Focus, Giessen 2003, ISBN 3-88349-498-4 .
  • Nikolai Fuchs: Evolutive Agricultural Culture. Agriculture based on the human image principle. A sketch. Verlag Lebendige Erde Demeter eV, 2014, ISBN 978-3-941232-12-9 .
  • Franz-Theo Gottwald, Isabel Boergen: A question of justice. Diversity as a normative principle for food security. Focus on agriculture. In: The critical agricultural report. Hamm 2011, ISBN 978-3-930413-45-4 , pp. 255-261.
  • Franz-Theo Gottwald: Eat differently! From the end of the scandals. About inspired farmers, innovative craftsmen and informed connoisseurs. (= Agriculture in the 21st century). 2nd Edition. 2012, ISBN 978-3-89518-853-4 .
  • Schneider, Manuel: Myths of Agriculture. Arguments for ecological agriculture. Ecology & Agriculture Foundation, 2001, ISBN 3-934499-40-6 .
  • Karl Ludwig Schweisfurth, Franz-Theo Gottwald, Meinolf Dierkes: Paths to a sustainable agricultural and food culture. Mission statement for sustainable food production, processing and marketing. Schweisfurth Foundation, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-00-010396-1 .
  • Karl Ludwig Schweisfurth: Nutrition is life - eco-social innovations on the way to sustainable agriculture and food management. In: Karl Peter Sprinkart, Peter Dürr, Markus Hipp, Klaus Sailer: Perspectives on Social Innovation. Sustainable strategies for the future fields of nutrition, environment, politics, economy, communication. Walhalla, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8029-3926-6 .
  • Helga Willer, Minou Yussefi: Organic Agriculture Worldwide. Ecology & Agriculture Foundation, 2001, ISBN 3-934499-38-4 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hermann Priebe: The subsidized destruction of nature. Plea for a new agricultural culture. Goldmann, Munich 1990, p. 12f.
  2. ↑ International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development IAASTD: Agriculture at a Crossroads, 2009, Synthesis Report, p. 28.
  3. ↑ Schweisfurth Foundation. Retrieved September 10, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Nikolai Fuchs: Evolutive agricultural culture. Agriculture based on the human image principle. A sketch. Verlag Lebendige Erde Demeter eV, 2014.
  5. ↑ Bio Austria. Retrieved September 10, 2019 .
  6. ↑ demeter.de
  7. ↑ Anita Idel: Biodiversity and Agriculture. In: gen-ethisches-netzwerk.de. Retrieved September 10, 2019 .
  8. ↑ bauernstimme.de
  9. ↑ Franz-Theo Gottwald: Eat differently! From the end of the scandals. About inspired farmers, innovative craftsmen and informed connoisseurs. (= Agriculture in the 21st century). 2nd Edition. 2012, p. 21.