Aichbühler Group

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The Aichbühler Gruppe (also Aichbühler Kultur ) is an archaeological regional group in southern Germany at the transition from the Middle Neolithic to the Young Neolithic . The dating is around 4,200 to 4,000 BC. The Aichbühler Group is preserved by wetland settlements and is one of the oldest pile-dwelling cultures north of the Alps.

The term was introduced by Hans Reinerth in 1923 , after it was found in Aichbühl near Schussenried , on the Federseemoor in Upper Swabia . Archaeological digs have been carried out there since 1875. The Aichbühler Group is widespread in the area of ​​the Federsee and the upper Danube. It is replaced by the Schussenried Group , which was founded on the Federsee around 4,050 BC. Is archaeologically understandable.

Settlements

The most important settlement is the Riedschachen I site on the south bank of the Federsee (excavations 1919–1930). Here one found a row of rectangular houses on stilts with a threshold substructure and a forecourt on the narrow side facing the sea. There were four or five houses in a row. A palisade was built around the village, although it is uncertain whether this belongs to the Riedschachen I or II site . The Aichbühl settlement had 23 to 25 houses in several rows. In the mostly two-room houses, ovens / stoves, clay floors and benches as well as reed and bark coverings on the roofs were detected. Grain cultivation, livestock farming and hunting are evidenced by organic remains.

Other settlements on the northern Federsee are the Ahwiesen , Wildes Ried and Beim Henauhof sites .

Archaeological inventory

Flat-bottomed amphorae, bottles and funnel-rim vessels are typical. Round-bottom funnel beakers are an exception . Knives, lance tips and arrowheads were made of flint .

literature

  • Hans Reinerth, The Federseemoor as a settlement land for prehistoric man. Schussenried 1923.
  • Hans Reinerth, The Chronology of the Younger Stone Age in Southern Germany. Augsburg 1923.
  • Michael Strobel, discontinuity or research gap? The Aichbühl and Schussenried groups in Upper Swabia. In: Biel, Jörg, Helmut Schlichtherle, Michael Strobel and Andrea Zeeb (Eds.), The Michelsberg culture and its peripheral areas: Problems of the origin, chronology and the settlement system. Material booklets on archeology in Baden-Württemberg, 43, Theiss, Stuttgart. Pp. 201-221.
  • Helmut Schlichtherle, settlements and finds of Neolithic cultural groups between Lake Constance and Lake Federsee. In: Höneisen, Markus (Eds). The First Farmers 2: Introduction, Balkans, neighboring regions of Switzerland. Swiss National Museum, Zurich, 1990. pp. 134–156.