Albrecht Kubick

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Stanislaus Albrecht Kubick (born February 27, 1905 in Brieskow-Finkenheerd near Frankfurt an der Oder , † after 1960) was a German SA leader. He was best known as the head of the 1933 special investigation into the Communists suspected of being involved in the 1931 Bülowplatz assassination, on which the criminal proceedings against Erich Mielke , the longstanding Minister for State Security of the GDR , were based in 1991 .

Life and activity

Kubick was a son of the engineer Friedrich Kubick and his wife Martha, geb. Grätz. After attending primary school, he worked in his father's business from the age of 14. From 1923 to 1924 he worked in an ironworks, later on his own, and from 1930 to 1931 in the Tegel city nursery.

In the 1920s, Kubick was repeatedly arrested and convicted of theft, and was serving shorter sentences.

Since 1931 Kubick belonged to the Sturmabteilung (SA) of the NSDAP's street combat organization . On January 1, 1932, he was accepted into the NSDAP (membership number 843.681). In the SA he took over the management of S [onder]. Storm 102 (Wedding).

Shortly after the National Socialists came to power in the spring of 1933, the SA in Berlin, as the capital of the Reich, as in the whole of the Reich, was given quasi-sovereign functions and powers as SA auxiliary police from the Reich government or the national socialist-dominated state governments. As a result, it fell primarily to her to eliminate the ideological opponents of the National Socialists, whereby the main focus at this time was placed on the destruction of the Communist Party and its organization. For this purpose, members and supporters of the party were suspended en masse and taken to prisons as well as to the newly created concentration camps and SA quarters. In order to obtain information about the structure and functioning of the secret part of the network of communist organizations as well as information about non-publicly known activities of the communists, captured communist functionaries were interrogated by the SA at this time and often subjected to brutal torture.

Investigations in connection with the attack on Bülow Platz

The S.Sturm 102 led by Kubick - which in 1933 was affiliated to Sturm 2/10, the 2nd storm (Prenzlauer Berg) of the 10th SA-Sturmbannes - took over the investigation into the "Bülowplatz" case in summer 1933, a shooting on August 9, 1931 on Berlin's Bülowplatz , in which KPD members shot two police officers. The reason why the SA took on this case was that, in the opinion of the new rulers, the criminal police and the public prosecutor's office had made unsatisfactory progress with their investigations into this case since 1931. As part of the processing of this task and other cases of communist offenses Kubick was assigned the position of a consultant in the department IE of the SA group Berlin-Brandenburg, in which he was generally assigned to "terror groups" of the illegal KPD, which after the ban of this party continued to exist underground, to uncover and render harmless. During its investigations, the IE department worked closely with the Secret State Police Office at times, but acted independently for long periods.

Kubick's investigations into the Bülowplatz matter turned out to be extremely successful, so that on the basis of the evidence gathered by the public prosecutor in 1934 the prosecution brought an indictment before the ... and the police in 1933 could arrest, could be charged. However, some suspects had escaped access by the authorities and the SA by fleeing abroad. Among them was one of the alleged shooters, the worker Erich Mielke, who later became famous as Minister for State Security in the GDR.

A certain Michael Klause (who himself was one of the defendants) appeared as the main witness in the court proceedings against those involved in the Bülowplatz assassination, mostly members of the KPD self-protection formation, who gave detailed statements to the SA auxiliary police officers investigating under Kubick's direction about the events that the prosecution relied on as central evidence in the trial. A number of pieces of evidence suggest with a high degree of probability that these statements by Klause were obtained through the use of brutal force and even torture by Kubick and his subordinates.

This is how Hellmuth Krug, another communist interrogated under Kubick's direction, who had belonged to the same formation as Klause after he had been able to flee abroad in autumn 1933, described the kind of "interrogation" of his person by Kubick's task force, which had served the purpose to reconstruct the names and relationships of members of the communist cell to which he belonged, as follows:

“ In the SS guard (Sturm 42, Reinickendorf) my personal details were recorded and assigned to paramedic III. Floor brought. A prisoner walked in front of me, wearing only pants and shoes, the left side of his back with black bloodshot. At five o'clock in the afternoon I was brought back for questioning. The following were present: Detective Po [h] lenz, Obertruppführer Kubick and the SS man. Obertruppführer K. read the list out to me again up to my own name. Again I denied knowing anyone. In between times I was repeatedly hit on the back of my hand and in the back of my knees with a meter-long club, at the end of which a rubber tube was pulled over, and repeatedly with my hand on the head and face. Kubick jumped up to me, hit the club again, while I had to take a firm posture. As a result of the abuse, I could no longer follow his omissions, so he gave the order to be taken away . "

At the end of the Bülowplatz trial, Michael Klause and co-defendants Friedrich Broede and Max Matern were sentenced to death. Appeals for clemency from the three were rejected by the Berlin attorney general and the president of the regional court. Bröde finally hanged himself in his cell by the strap of his wooden leg. Matern was executed by hand ax on May 22, 1935 in Plötzensee. The judgment against Klause was commuted to life imprisonment on May 2, 1935 by Hitler by means of an act of pardon. On February 7, 1942, he was beheaded with the guillotine in Plötzensee due to decisions that could not yet be reconstructed.

Because of his involvement in the investigation into the Bülow-Platz assassination attempt on January 1, 1934, Kubick was assigned a special assignment as a detective in the Secret State Police Office . In addition, on June 27, 1934, he received letters of commendation from the Berlin police chief Magnus von Levetzow for his services in the investigations against the KPD and the fight against the communists .

Further life

Kubick also succeeded in fighting the KPD on other occasions - in line with the Nazi regime - on July 15, 1933, in Halensee , he secured considerable stocks of KPD weapons, including a heavy machine gun, a grenade launcher, drum magazines and 500 rounds of ammunition.

On May 1, 1934, Kubick lifted the Lichtenberg sub-district leadership of the KPD with 51 people who wanted to "disrupt" May Day by dropping communist leaflets, as well as their printing works.

On June 30, 1934, Kubick was arrested in the course of the Röhm affair , during which the majority of the leading members of the Berlin SA were arrested by the SS and the police as a preventive measure , and taken to the Secret State Police Office. There he was an ear-witness of the shooting of Gregor Strasser, the former head of the Nazi organization, on the afternoon of that day as a prisoner in the Gestapa's house prison .

After his release, Kubick resigned on September 30, 1934 as a result of the dissolution of Department IE of the SA Group Berlin Brandenburg from this and from service as an employee of the Secret State Police Office. In November 1934 Kubick worked briefly in the Office for People's Welfare at the Supreme Management of the Political Organization of the NSDAP.

In 1934, proceedings were initiated against Kubick for assault and coercion: The background was complaints from numerous people whom he threatened and / or physically abused (or had abused) during interrogation: For example, a witness testified that he had told her in December In 1933, during an interrogation at the SA headquarters in Vossstrasse, I showed a leather-wrapped whip with blood stains and asked her to smell it, giving her to understand that her blood would soon be stuck to it if she didn't should testify. She was also slapped in the face with the flat of the hand and made to stand on tiptoe and do squats with arms raised.

The investigation by the public prosecutor's office against Kubick and his comrades for bodily harm was finally put down by a decree issued by Hitler in his capacity as head of state of October 17, 1935 at the request of Reich Justice Minister Franz Gürtner , which freed him from further prosecution.

family

Kubick was married to Charlotte Swoboda (born November 20, 1904) since November 19, 1926. On December 27, 1928 he married Erna Beier (born February 22, 1906 in Bromberg).

Aftermath

When Erich Mielke was tried in 1992 after the collapse of the German Democratic Republic (and almost sixty years after the 1934 trial) for his involvement in the proceedings of 1931 before the Berlin Superior Court, the Superior Court granted the indictment to the 1933/1934 von Kubick im In the course of his investigations, to use incriminating material against those involved in the Bülowplatz attack as evidence against Mielke.

This elicited critical voices in the press, which indicated that the evidence obtained by Kubick, in particular the testimony of the main witness Klause, was probably obtained through the use of torture.

estate

Personnel records on Kubick have been preserved in the Federal Archives. In particular, there is a PK personal file in the former Berlin Document Center (microfilm PK G 339, photos 1067–1136). There is also a personal file of the National Socialist People's Welfare (NS 37/3669) and a file of the Reich Ministry of Justice on a case against Kubick for assault and coercion (R 3001/100148).

Web links

• "The Supreme Court and the Truth", in TAZ of February 17, 1992 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Egner: "Himmler hands over an urn with the number 16", in: Landshuter Zeitung of February 16, 2006.