Intuition
Intuition is an epistemological term that is mostly used today to refer to Immanuel Kant . With it, Kant first refers to the sensual- receptive part of knowledge (KrV B 33).
However, the term was also used in philosophy before Kant , for example by Notker ( ahd. Anascouunga ) and Meister Eckhart ( mhd. Anschauunge ), for whom the term primarily had a religious meaning. In today's epistemology, however, the related terms “ perception ” and “ experience ” are mostly used.
Kant's epistemology, developed in the Critique of Pure Reason , distinguishes in a second step between empirical views that are given to us by sense organs and pure views that are given a priori before every experience. The two pure views accepted by Kant are space and time . He does not claim that they are attached to things , only to the mind . Kant also calls space and time the “pure forms of perception”, sensation the matter (KrV B 59 f.).
Pure perceptions are ideas that can be related to sensual perceptions, but as such are free of any sensual perception, sensation or experience. An intuition is pure “if there is no sensation mixed with the idea” (KrV B 74). Under empirical intuition , the sensual and receptive share the knowledge understands.
Kant also assumes that every knowledge is dependent on the interplay of views and concepts . “The manifold” that is given in perception needs a conceptual order in order to be able to lead to knowledge. On the other hand, concepts need notions in order not to be completely empty. The use of terms without illustrative material led to the senseless speculations of traditional metaphysics , which Kant would like to refute in the transcendental dialectic . Nevertheless, according to Kant, pure a priori knowledge is possible in the interplay of pure intuition and pure concepts.
Quote
- "Thoughts without content are empty, views without concepts are blind." Immanuel Kant : Critique of Pure Reason (KrV B75 , A48 )
- "It is too easy to appeal to inner intuition if one cannot give another reason."
- Gottlob Frege (1848–1925): The basics of arithmetic: a logical mathematical investigation into the concept of number. Centenary issue. Meiner, Hamburg 1986, p. 27.
