Antiporter

Types of transport proteins

An antiporter ( English exchanger, counter-transporter ) is a protein that mediates membrane transport with the mutual exchange of at least two molecules. Other types of membrane transport proteins are Uniporter and Symporter .

properties

An antiporter is a membrane protein that enables the mutual exchange of molecules ( antiport ) mostly through a secondary active transport. The secondary active transport is energetically driven by a gradient in the concentration of one of the exchanged types of molecules, which was built up with the consumption of adenosine triphosphate (hence the name secondary active ). On the other hand, some Antiporters use ATP ( primarily active ) for the Antiport .

Antiporters can be divided into different classes, including sodium-calcium exchangers , the chloride-bicarbonate antiporter, potassium-proton antiporter, the reduced folate carrier protein , sodium-proton antiporter, sodium-potassium pumps , and vesicular neurotransmitter transport proteins , Mitochondrial Carrier Proteins and Major Facilitator Superfamily Antiporters .

Sodium proton antiporter NHE3 in the apical membrane of epithelial cells of the intestine (small intestine and colon) and the kidney (proximal tubule). The proton transport lowers the pH value on the mucosal side of the epithelium and contributes to the proton gradient over the apical membrane (intestine, proximal tubule: S2 and S3).

literature

Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer : Biochemistry. 5th edition. Freeman, New York 2002, ISBN 0-7167-4684-0 , available online from the NCBI Bookshelf.
Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet: Biochemistry. 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York 2004. ISBN 0-471-19350-X .

Web links

MeSH antiporter

Individual evidence

^ MG Wolfersberger: Uniporters, symporters and antiporters. In: The Journal of experimental biology. Volume 196, November 1994, pp. 5-6, ISSN 0022-0949 . PMID 7823043 .
↑ ^a ^b S. Schuldiner: Competition as a way of life for H (+) - coupled antiporters. In: Journal of molecular biology. Volume 426, Number 14, July 2014, pp. 2539-2546, ISSN 1089-8638 . doi : 10.1016 / j.jmb.2014.05.020 . PMID 24862284 . PMC 4072998 (free full text).
↑ E. Padan, M. Venturi, Y. Gerchman, N. Dover: Na (+) / H (+) antiporters. In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta . Volume 1505, Number 1, May 2001, pp. 144-157, ISSN 0006-3002 . PMID 11248196 .
↑ M. Monné, F. Palmieri: antiporter of the mitochondrial carrier family. In: Current topics in membranes. Volume 73, 2014, pp. 289-320, ISSN 1063-5823 . doi : 10.1016 / B978-0-12-800223-0.00008-6 . PMID 24745987 .
^ CJ Law, PC Maloney, DN Wang: Ins and outs of major facilitator superfamily antiporters. In: Annual review of microbiology. Volume 62, 2008, pp. 289-305, ISSN 0066-4227 . doi : 10.1146 / annurev.micro.61.080706.093329 . PMID 18537473 . PMC 2612782 (free full text).

[1] MG Wolfersberger: Uniporters, symporters and antiporters. In: The Journal of experimental biology. Volume 196, November 1994, pp. 5-6, ISSN 0022-0949 . PMID 7823043 .

[PMID_24862284-2] S. Schuldiner: Competition as a way of life for H (+) - coupled antiporters. In: Journal of molecular biology. Volume 426, Number 14, July 2014, pp. 2539-2546, ISSN 1089-8638 . doi : 10.1016 / j.jmb.2014.05.020 . PMID 24862284 . PMC 4072998 (free full text).

[3] E. Padan, M. Venturi, Y. Gerchman, N. Dover: Na (+) / H (+) antiporters. In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta . Volume 1505, Number 1, May 2001, pp. 144-157, ISSN 0006-3002 . PMID 11248196 .

[4] M. Monné, F. Palmieri: antiporter of the mitochondrial carrier family. In: Current topics in membranes. Volume 73, 2014, pp. 289-320, ISSN 1063-5823 . doi : 10.1016 / B978-0-12-800223-0.00008-6 . PMID 24745987 .

[5] CJ Law, PC Maloney, DN Wang: Ins and outs of major facilitator superfamily antiporters. In: Annual review of microbiology. Volume 62, 2008, pp. 289-305, ISSN 0066-4227 . doi : 10.1146 / annurev.micro.61.080706.093329 . PMID 18537473 . PMC 2612782 (free full text).