Apophysis (pine)
The Apophyse or shed shield is in the adult but still closed cones of pines ( Pinus visible outside) portion of the seed scales. In the representatives of the subgenus Pinus and Strobus - the latter with the exception of the Strobus subsection - this is significantly thicker than the shell tips of other representatives of the pine family .
The area more or less in the middle of the apophysis is called the umbo or navel . It corresponds to the outer part of the seed scales after the first year of cone growth. The umbo can be flat or horn-like, with many types of pine the umbo is reinforced with a spike . The term umbo comes from Latin and describes the shield hump .
Unopened pin from Pinus pungens with clearly reinforced umbos
Apophysis and umbo in a ripe, open cone of Pinus virginiana
swell
literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 2 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 90-04-17718-3 , pp. 1050 .
- James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World. The Complete Reference . Timber Press, Portland, OR / London 2009, ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4 , pp. 648, 661 .
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 758.