Appenzell rural trade

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The Appenzell land trade (often just referred to as land trade ) was a political conflict in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden that led to civil war-like conditions in 1732 and 1733.

The external reason for the land trade was customs disputes with the abbey and the city of St. Gallen. In the Rorschach Peace Treaty of 1714, the negotiating delegation under Landammann Laurenz Tanner von Herisau and Landammann Konrad Zellweger von Trogen ratified an agreement without consulting the Landsgemeinde , which obliged Appenzell Ausserrhoden, the Prince and the City of St. Gallen to settle conflicts peacefully and through to let an arbitrator decide (Article 83). As a result, the two political camps of the Linden (dialect lind = gar, soft), who supported the agreement, and the Harten developedwho rejected the Rorschacher peace.

In 1732 the dispute over tariffs escalated again. The Harte did not want to conduct arbitration proceedings, which the Linden criticized as unconstitutional. At the extraordinary Landsgemeinde of November 20, 1732 in Teufen the hard ones prevailed: The 83rd article of the Rorschach Peace was rejected, and it was decided that such contracts may generally not be concluded without the consent of the Landsgemeinde. In addition, the linden trees were removed from their government offices. The latter, however, called the extraordinary rural community illegal and accordingly did not obey its resolutions.

The situation escalated when, on December 28, 1732, 4,000 men gathered to attack near Trogen. On March 5, 1733, a fight broke out in Gais that left one dead and many wounded. A further escalation could only be prevented at the last moment. The land trade was formally settled in 1735 with a criminal court over the linden trees .

In essence, the land trade was a dispute about fundamental questions of rural community democracy and the duties and rights of the authorities. In addition, there were community and family rivalries, namely between the Wetter families from Herisau (leader of the Harten ) and Zellweger from Trogen (leader of the linden trees ).

literature

  • Gabriel Walser . The third part of the Appenzeller Chronicle 1732–1763. 1830.
  • Walter Schläpfer. Appenzell history: For the 450th anniversary of the Appenzell Association 1513–1963. Urnäsch 1972, Vol. 2, pp. 160-182.
  • Bertram Mogg. The Appenzell rural trade 1732/33 - family quarrel or peasant uprising? Case study of a socio-political conflict in the Ancien Régime. 1984.
  • Fabian Brandle. Democracy and Charisma: Five Landsgemeinde conflicts in the 18th century. Zurich: Chronos, 2005. ISBN 9783034007481
  • Fabian Brandle. The Appenzell Land Trade: Democracy and Oligarchy in the 18th Century. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings, 124th issue 2006, p. 157.
  • Nina Sonderegger. Minutes of the Landsgemeinde of April 29, 1733 .
  • Karin Thomas Fuchs: Land trade. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .