Operating profit
The operating profit (also: Earnings ; English operating income, operating result ) is in the business administration of from the operations of a company originating success in a fiscal year .
General
The word component "company" indicates that this aggregate must result from the operational purpose ; the component “result” is neutral, so that both an operating profit and an operating loss can be meant. The business success cleavage provides internationally that generated by a company net income or net loss is further broken down. This results in subtotals that enable statements to be made about the company's success. For this purpose, the operating result is determined as the difference between the services and costs , the services being represented by the sales revenue , from which the costs incurred in their achievement are to be deducted. For Erwin Geldmacher, operating success is the difference between profit and costs.
species
Depending on the invoice in which the operating result appears, a distinction is made between internal and external accounting . Internal accounting is only intended for internal cost management and controlling , while external accounting is published as part of the annual financial statements .
Operating profit in internal accounting
The published income statement contains a wrong picture of the earnings situation , because on the one hand it also contains the neutral result that is not related to the operational purpose and on the other hand it does not contain purely imputed - i.e. not pagatroric - effects.
Therefore, the imputed costs and the imputed profit are taken into account in internal accounting . For a clearer differentiation from the operating result in external accounting, one speaks of the imputed operating result . This operating result is referred to as “imputed” because it compares the operating performance with the operating costs and thus disregards the neutral result.
The imputed operating result is determined as follows:
Umsatzerlöse der Periode ± Bestandsveränderung fertiger und unfertiger Erzeugnisse zu Herstellungskosten + andere aktivierte Eigenleistungen + sonstige betriebliche Erträge - Materialaufwand - Personalaufwand - Abschreibungen - sonstige betriebliche Aufwendungen - kalkulatorische Kosten + kalkulatorischer Gewinn = kalkulatorisches Betriebsergebnis
Operating profit in external accounting
In the income statement, the operating result was only a subtotal after which the neutral result (neutral expenditure - neutral income) was shown separately. As a result of the Accounting Directive Implementation Act , since December 2005, among other things, the neutral expenditure (item 15) and the neutral result (item 17) as an intermediate figure in the profit and loss account have been omitted ( Section 275 (2 ) HGB ), so that there is no longer between operating profit and neutral result can be differentiated.
International
In Austria and Switzerland , too , the profit and loss statement (income statement) is based on the principle of profit sharing. In Austria it is specifically prescribed in Section 231 of the UGB , whereby extraordinary effects must continue to be shown separately. In Switzerland regulates Art 558th OR that are available for each financial year due to the financial statements of profit or loss to be determined and the proportion of each shareholder is to be calculated ( Art 959b. Para 2 OR for the "Production Accounting"; in Germany:. Cost of production method , and Art. 959b para. 3 OR for the sales income statement; cost of sales method ). Here, too, the individual disclosure of non-operating expenses and income is still provided.
The IFRS no longer take into account the operating result since of 2003. The deletion of the item " Profit from ordinary activities " ( english results of operating activities ) in 2003 founded the IASB in IAS 1.BC12 so that the profit from operations in IAS 1 is not defined and classification of non-defined positions not could be demanded. According to IAS 1, the operating result does not necessarily have to be presented as a subtotal within the income statement. Nevertheless, according to IAS 1.99, the accounting company must provide a breakdown of expenses that is based either on the type of expense or on its function in the company.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans-Ulrich Küpper , operating results , in: Wolfgang Lück (Ed.), Lexikon der Betriebswirtschaft, 1990, p. 154
- ↑ Erwin Geldmacher, Basic Concepts and Systematic Outline of Business Accounting , in: ZfhF , 1929, p. 6 f.
- ↑ Achim Groh, Buchführung Accounting , 2011, p. 64
- ↑ Horst Wolfsgruber: cost accounting and cost management: for study and practice . Linde, Vienna 2015, p. 21 .
- ↑ Guido Eilenberger / Marc Toebe / Frank Scherer, Betriebliches Accounting , 2014, o. P.
- ↑ Janina Bogajewskaja, Reporting Financial Performance , 2007, p. 200
- ↑ Hanno Kirsch, IFRS final analysis , 2012, p. 46
