Image format (paper image)
The standardization of the image formats of photographs arose on the one hand from the packaging of the photo paper delivered to the photographer and the rationalization of incidental laboratory work, on the other hand it was promoted by the widespread use of photo albums in their windows ("scenery") from the edge in the 19th century Photo cards could be inserted.
Image formats of the 19th century
Photo cards (in which the thin paper print was glued to a printed cardboard ) were the usual product of the photography studios until the First World War. The visit format was by far the most common , followed by the cabinet format . By 1900, very steep proportions were popular.
| designation | Occur | Image size | Carton size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carte-de-Visite | from 1858 | 58 x 94 | 63 x 102 |
| Victoria | from 1870 | 75 x 112 | 83 x 122 |
| Cabinet | from 1867 | 100 x 150 | 110 x 170 |
| promenade | from 1875 | 100 x 183 | 108 x 210 |
| boudoir | from 1875 | 193 x 124 | 134 x 215 |
| Imperial | from 1875 | 168 x 217 | 175 x 250 |
Image formats after 1918
In recent decades, the image formats of paper images have been based on the 35 mm format (24 mm × 36 mm, 2: 3). This resulted in formats such as 7 × 10 (7 cm × 10 cm) or 9 × 13, 13x18 and 18x24 as the usual enlargement formats, even if something always had to be cut off from the image. The so-called “world postcard” with 10.5 cm × 14.8 cm ( DIN A6 ) is still mentioned today as an important standard format .
None of these formats correspond to either the 3: 2 negative format or the 4: 3 format that is common in many digital cameras . Accordingly, the photo templates must be adjusted before printing. In good laboratories it can be stated whether the paper images should be cropped if the format does not fit - this is standard - or whether missing areas should be filled in white.
The manufacturers of photo paper supply this for mass development, depending on the width and thickness, on rolls from 50 m to 500 m. The current standard widths are 3½, 4, 4½, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 (rare, US Letter), 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 44, 50 and 60 inches (in, ″ ) and 11.7 cm (4.6 in), 21 cm (A4 / A5), 22 cm (photo books), 24 cm (9.4 in), 60.3 cm (23.7 in) and 106 cm ( 5 × A4 / A5).
| Image format | (in × in) | (mm × mm) | Aspect ratio | Camera image format | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lomo | 2¾ × 4 | 70 × 102 | 1.43 | unusual | |
| 9 × 12 | 3½ × 4 2/3 | 89 × 119 | 1 | 4: 3 | |
| 9 × 13 | 3½ × 5 | 89 × 127 | 1.44 | (3: 2) | 3R, ISO 1008 |
| postcard | 105 × 148 | 1.414 | PC, A6, ISO 1008 | ||
| 10 × 13 | 4 x 5.33 | 102 × 136 | 1.30 | (4: 3) | |
| 10 × 15 | 4 × 6 | 102 × 152 | 1.50 | 3: 2 | 4R |
| 11 × 15 | 4½ × | 114 × | 1.33 | 4: 3 | |
| 11 × 17 | 4½ × | 114 × | 1.50 | 3: 2 | |
| 13 × 17 | 5 × 6 2/3 | 127 × 169 | 1.33 | 4: 3 | |
| 13 × 18 | 5 × 7 | 127 × 178 | 1.38 | (4: 3) | 5R, ISO 1008 |
| 13 × 19 | 5 × 7½ | 127 × 191 | 1.50 | 3: 2 | |
| 15 × 20 | 6 × | 149 × | 6R | ||
| 18 × 24 | 7 × 9½ | 178 × 240 | 1.33 | 4: 3 | monochrome, ISO 1008 |
| 20 × 27 | 8 × 10⅔ | 203 × 271 | 1.33 | 4: 3 | |
| 20 × 30 | 8 × 12 | 203 × 305 | 1.50 | 3: 2 | S8R |
| 24 × 30 | 1.33 | 4: 3 | monochrome, ISO 1008 | ||
| 30 × 38 | 12 × 15 | 305 × 381 | 1.25 | 5: 4 | 12R |
| 30 × 40 | 12 × 16 | 305 × 406 | 1.33 | 4: 3 | ISO 1008 |
| 30 × 45 | 12 × 18 | 305 × 457 | 1.50 | 3: 2 | S12R |
| 50 × 70 | 20 × | 508 × | 1.33 | 4: 3 | |
| 50 × 75 | 20 × 30 | 508 × 762 | 1.50 | 3: 2 |
Most photo paper sizes are originally specified in inches , which is why the common metric specifications such as "13 × 18 cm" are only approximate dimensions. The "world postcard" or "10 × 15" in the A6 format is an exception. To avoid discrepancies, the exact dimensions should be used. In addition, most photo machines have a cutting inaccuracy of around one millimeter. Since mostly photo paper rolls are processed, this is reflected in the deviating length of the photos.
With the APS film format there was the option "Panorama". If this was selected by means of a switch before the recording, the same recording format was selected, but a print with an aspect ratio of over 2: 1 was delivered with the necessary trimming in relation to the negative.
Pictures from 28x28 mm Instamaticfilm were typically enlarged to nominally 9x9 cm large prints and almost always with a white border. Since the same price was always charged as for 9x13 cm designs, this rectangular format (landscape) was printed on the left with an approximately 8x8 cm picture within the edge and an additional 3x3 cm small "bonus picture" on the top right. The linear image, which is less than 40% in size, was cut out and fitted in a medallion or in an identity card or wallet.
Related topics
- Recording format - denotes the formats of negative films.
- Paper format - describes the formats of printing and writing paper.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Picture example: scenery album
- ↑ The following table is based on information from Ellen Maas: Das Fotoalbum 1858–1918. Exhibition catalog Munich City Museum 1975, p. 89. - The dimensions are given in mm.
- ↑ in England from 1864
- ↑ Fujifilm consumables : data sheets
- ^ Epson Professional Imaging Media
- ↑ CEWE photo formats explained
- ↑ Paper dimensions at Pixum
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