Education system in South Tyrol
South Tyrol is multilingual. Of the 526,000 inhabitants (according to the 2011 census ), 69.40% are German-speaking, 26.20% Italian-speaking and a smaller part, approx. 4.5%, are Ladin-speaking. A total of 48,081 citizens with non-Italian citizenship live in South Tyrol (as of August 14, 2018).
School administration
Tripartite school administration
A special feature of the school in South Tyrol is that all three language groups (German, Italian, Ladin) in the country have their own school administrations and thus each have their own school system. The Statute of Autonomy provides for this in order to enable the German and Ladin language minorities to continue their own language and culture. There are cross connections, joint legislative initiatives and regular agreements between the three administrations.
Organizational structure of the German-speaking education directorate
In autumn 2017 the German-speaking school administration was reorganized. The administration of the German-speaking kindergartens, the German-speaking elementary, middle and high schools, vocational schools and German and Ladin music schools is united under the umbrella of the German-speaking education directorate.
Legislation of the school system
South Tyrol's responsibilities in the field of education
The Second Statute of Autonomy in 1972 , primarily through the entry into force of various implementing provisions , gave South Tyrol - especially in comparison to other regions of Italy - a number of responsibilities in the education system, which were reflected in school reforms at the lower and upper levels. Nevertheless, South Tyrol is far from having comprehensive legislative power in all areas of the school system, for example in the sense of school sovereignty, as it is in the federal German educational states.
As a primary responsibility , the state administers and designs the areas of kindergarten, vocational training, school administration, school welfare (securing the right to education) and school construction in the education system. By contrast, the state has only secondary responsibility for teaching at elementary, middle and high schools (grammar schools and technical colleges), the so-called state schools.
School autonomy
With the so-called Bassanini Law (No. 59/1997) , the state delegated a whole range of tasks and competencies to the regions and local authorities and reformed public administration. The Federalism Act set new priorities: less centralism and more responsibility and competences for the peripheral organs of the state. Delegation and deregulation were the key words. An article has been incorporated into this law, which grants the public schools extensive autonomy. The schools should be given legal personality and be able to act completely independently in many areas.
With Law No. 12 of June 29, 2000, the state introduced this autonomy for schools in South Tyrol. The schools were given autonomy in the areas of didactics, organization, research, school development, administration and finance. With effect from September 1, 2000, all public schools in the state were granted legal personality. They thus became legal persons under public law. With state law No. 5/2008 this autonomy was extended to the kindergartens.
The comprehensive law contains criteria for school sizes, the fundamentals of the school program and curricula, defines and describes the content of didactic and organizational autonomy as well as that of research and school development, introduces the school associations, defines criteria for the expansion of the educational offer and determines the priorities administrative and financial autonomy. While the country has adopted the principles of the State Autonomy Act in most areas and given schools essentially the same competencies, it has kept a number of competencies to itself in the area of administrative autonomy. This law also reorganized the role and powers of school management staff, introduced the control bodies for the review of financial management, established criteria for the target state plan and the evaluation system, and finally defined basic provisions for the school calendar.
Educational path in South Tyrol
In Italy - and thus also in South Tyrol - there is ten years of compulsory schooling, supplemented by compulsory training up to the age of 18. Attending the kindergarten, which is usually three years old, is voluntary, with every child being entitled to a place in a kindergarten, as stipulated by state law.
The five-year elementary school together with the three-year unified middle school form the so-called lower level. So there is a common educational path for all pupils until the end of the 8th school year. This is followed by the upper school. This includes, on the one hand, the five-year high schools (grammar schools and technical colleges) and, on the other hand, the three to four-year schools of vocational training. In the 2015/2015 school year, the opportunity was offered for the first time to take the Matura (state final examination) at vocational training schools after completing a fifth year .
All educational paths are open to all children. Thus the South Tyrolean school is an inclusive school. Based on a state law passed in 1977 (Law No. 517), school attendance for all children, including those with disabilities, is a right and a duty in the mainstream school system.
This structure and these regulations correspond in their basic features to the state school regulations. There are only significant differences in the organization of vocational training, as this is regulated very unevenly in the regions of Italy.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Südtiroler Informatik AG | Informatica Alto Adige SPA: Population and Housing Census 2011 | State Institute for Statistics | Autonomous Province of Bolzano - South Tyrol. Retrieved August 13, 2018 .
- ↑ Südtiroler Informatik AG | Informatica Alto Adige SPA: Population | State Institute for Statistics | Autonomous Province of Bolzano - South Tyrol. Retrieved August 13, 2018 .
- ↑ Legal basis In: blikk.it , accessed on October 9, 2018.
- ↑ http://www.schule.suedtirol.it/lasis/documents/info/2013/online/03/ , p. 36 f .; http://www.provinz.bz.it/schulamt/schulrecht/autonomie-schulen.asp
- ↑ Lexbrowser - f) State Law of July 16, 2008, No. 51). Retrieved September 21, 2018 .