Bridal gift
The Bridal Gift ( Arabic المهر, DMG al-mahr ) is still common today in the Orient and in no way equates with a bride price with which the woman is “bought”, or with the morning gift (donation of money or goods from the groom to the bride). The bride's gift is paid to the bride, not her father. In most cases a bridal gift is material, but it can also have an ideal value. The bridal gift serves to prevent a "premature" divorce on the part of the husband, as well as to provide financial security for the wife, for example in the event of a divorce.
According to Islamic law, i.e. according to Islamic statehood , there are two forms of al-mahr:
- al-mahr moadschel ( Arabic المهر مؤجل 'Bridal gift later or latent'): This gift (property, jewelry) must be given to the wife in the event of divorce or the death of the spouse.
- al-mahr moadschal ( Arabic المهر معجل 'Bridal gift immediately or at any time'): This gift (goods, property) must be given to the wife at the time of marriage or at any time thereafter; the wife can request it at any time. This form of Mahr is also known as Mahr e Moqadam . This is about a kind of maintenance and provision.
As far as the culture and tradition of the approximately seven wedding celebrations or ceremonies are concerned, dowry in Arab-Islamic as well as in Indo-Iranian-Islamic cultures, including all countries of Central Asia and North India (since 1947 also Pakistan), is called Jehaz al Aross ( Arabic جهاز العروس, DMG dowry of the bride ). The bride receives various gifts from her parents' house on the morning of the first wedding night or henna night. This "Morgengabe" is a kind of trousseau in terms of German culture. In the Iranian culture, Jehaz is referred to as Jaziya or Mehriya . The bride is called Aross and the groom is called Damad or Shah .
Shir Baha (Persian for "price of milk", perhaps "price of breastfeeding"), Toijana (Pashto) and Walwar (Pashto) are names for gifts that are given by the groom to the bride's father. Such amounts of money are prohibited under Islamic law. These outputs are rightly in Europe and women about Afghanistan as purchase price , bride price , dowry used. Mahr is more comparable to the provision, provision, pension or marriage contract. In Islamic countries that have social security systems, both forms of mahr are to be viewed more symbolically, this setting is part of the script of the wedding ceremony and is often set with three gold pieces or three dinars from the time of the beginnings of the Islamic religion. It should be noted that in various cultures, especially non-Arab Islamic countries, the bride gift is not borne by the groom's family, but by the bride's family.
The famous German translator of the Qur'an as Friedrich Rückert and Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall have al Mahr into German mainly as a dowry , dowry or dowry transferred. In fact, before the neka (Islamic wedding ceremony usually in the afternoon before henna night) , Mahr is set by the bride's lawyer with the groom's father or uncle. The bride can demand part of the money (property, property, but also gold) at any time, the other part only in the event of divorce or the death of the husband.
Islam grants the Muslim woman the right to demand this gift from her future husband; she can determine the amount herself and freely dispose of the gift (Koran 4: 4):
“And give the women their morning gift as a present (so that they can freely dispose of it)! But if they give you some of it voluntarily, you can safely use it (for yourself). "
The woman should orient herself to the man's financial situation. Even in the event of a divorce, the husband has no right to reclaim the bride gift (Quran 2: 229):
“Dismissal (with the right to take the woman back) is twice (allowed). Then the women (are either) to be retained legally or released in an orderly manner. And you are not allowed (in the latter case) to take something of what you have given them (previously as a morning gift) (back to yourselves) - unless the two fear that they will (with regard to the marriage union) the Will not keep the commandments of Allah. But if it is to be feared that the two will not keep the commandments of Allah (in the case of maintaining the marriage union), it is not a sin for them if the woman redeems herself for a certain amount. These are the commandments of Allah. Do not transgress them! Those who transgress it are the (true) wicked. "
See also
- Bride book (preciously decorated German prayer book given by the betrothed as a bridal pledge in the 17th century)
- Bridal service (service marriage or half-marriage, form of marriage)
Web links
- Lukas, Schindler, Stockinger: Bridal gift. Groom's gift. In: Online Interactive Glossary: Marriage, Marriage, and Family. Institute for Cultural and Social Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1997 (detailed notes with references).
- SesapZai: On The Issue Of Walwar (Bride Price) And Marriage Among Pashtuns. In: sesapzai.wordpress.com. Private blog, August 13, 2012 (the author is a Pashtun Canadian and is writing her doctoral thesis on International Rural Development).
Individual evidence
-
↑ Rudi Paret : Koran Sura 4: Women. ( Memento from February 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: koransuren.de. German Koran translation, without location, probably 1966, retrieved on May 18, 2019 (Paret, 1901–1983, was a German philologist and Islamic scholar; he wrote the translation of the Koran into German, which is authoritative in scientific circles; the website enables versions to be compared).
See also: The Koran - Chapter 4 - Fourth Surah: Women. In: Gutenberg.spiegel.de. Translation: Spiegel Online , Project Gutenberg (PG), Hamburg (Status: April 14, 2011; Source: Kurt Rudolph, Reclam-Verlag 1970)
Quote: “And give women their morning gift voluntarily. And if they like to give you some of it, enjoy it wholesome and for your well-being. "
-
↑ Rudi Paret : Koran Sura 2: The Cow. ( Memento from October 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In: koransuren.de. German Koran translation, without location, probably 1966, accessed on May 18, 2019 (the website allows a version comparison).
See also: The Koran - Chapter 2 - Second Surah: The Cow. In: Gutenberg.spiegel.de. Translation: Spiegel Online , Project Gutenberg (PG), Hamburg (as of April 14, 2011; source: Kurt Rudolph, Reclam-Verlag 1970).
