Calabrium

system	series	step	≈  age  ( mya )
quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayum	0 ⬍ 0.012
		Northgrippium
		Greenlandium
	Pleistocene	Young Pleistocene (Tarantium)	0.012 ⬍ 0.126
		Middle Pleistocene (Ionian)	0.126 ⬍ 0.781
		Calabrium	0.781 ⬍ 1.806
		Gelasium	1,806 ⬍ 2,588
deeper	deeper	deeper	older

The Calabrian , formerly also called the Lower Pleistocene , Old Pleistocene or Old Diluvian , is the longest section of the geological epoch of the Pleistocene . It began about 1.806 million years ago and ended about 0.781 million years ago with the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene and lasted about 1,025,000 years. The uppermost stage of the Pliocene , the Gelasian , was transferred to the Pleistocene and thus the Quaternary , so that the Calabrian is now the second stage of the Pleistocene.

definition

The lower limit is exactly above the top of the magnetic polarity chronozone C2n (Olduvai-Chronozone) and the extinction horizon of the calcareous nannoplankton species Discoaster brouweri (= base of the calcareous nannoplankton zone CN13). In addition, the base falls with the first appearance of the calcareous nannoplankton form Gephyrocapsa spp. and the extinction horizon of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerinoides extremus . The upper limit is defined by the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal of the earth's magnetic field.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale
2. ↑ http://www.stratigraphy.org/view.php?id=23 (link not available)

literature

• Felix M. Gradstein, James G. Ogg, and Alan G. Smith (Eds.): A Geologic Time Scale 2004 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK) 2005. ISBN 0-521-78673-8
• Wighart von Koenigswald: Living Ice Age. Climate and fauna in transition. Theiss-Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1734-3
• Maria Bianca Cita, Luca Capraro, Neri Ciaranfi, Enrico Di Stefano, Maria Marino, Domenico Rio, Rodolfo Sprovieri and Gian Battista Vai: Calabrian and Ionian: A proposal for the definition of Mediterranean stages for the Lower and Middle Pleistocene. Episodes, 29 (2): 107-114, Beijing 2006

Web links

• German Stratigraphic Commission, Manfred Menning (Hrsg.): Stratigraphische Tisch von Deutschland 2002 . Potsdam 2002, ISBN 3-00-010197-7 (1 sheet, Stratigraphie.de [PDF; 6.6 MB ]).
• Commission for the paleontological and stratigraphic research of Austria of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ed.): The Stratigraphic Table of Austria (sedimentary layer sequences) - PDF (large)
• International Chronostratigraphic Chart 2012 (PDF)