Chữ nho

chữ Hán, chữ nho, Hán tự

Chữ nho ( ? 儒 ) was the writing of the Confucians in Vietnam . This script was introduced during the one thousand years of Chinese rule (111 BC to the 9th century), and was retained after the emergence of the Lý dynasty to serve the bureaucratic apparatus and the writers from the 10th to the 19th century.

In Vietnam, Chinese characters were originally only used to write chữ Hán ( Classical Chinese ).

In chữ Nôm the use of these characters was expanded and a large number of new characters were invented.

swell

↑ Hans-Jörg Keller: Culture Key Vietnam. 2000, p. 209 “The Vietnamese cultural history has produced three writing systems: Originally the Vietnamese adopted the Han script from the Chinese with its complex graphic characters. From the 2nd century BC to the 19th century, the chu nho, the Confucian script, primarily served the bureaucratic apparatus and the writers. After Vietnam's separation from China, chou nom, the Vietnamese script, developed as a sign of independence and national identity .... "
↑ Adolf Bastian: The peoples of eastern Asia: studies and travel. 1868 Volume 4, p. 374 "Annamite words that are only dialectically different from Chinese or are even taken from the Mandarin language are written with the corresponding Chinese characters (chu nho), and this corresponds to ..."
^ Martin H. Petrich: Vietnam. 2008, p. 56 “Despite the resistance of the local educated elite, it finally advanced to become a national script (quoc ngu). The Chinese character system (chu nho) was used all the centuries before, but was ultimately reserved for an intellectual minority. At the same time, the writing system chu nom became established among the Tran kings in the 13th century. The new combination of Chinese characters created a simpler system - similar to that in Korea. "

[1] Hans-Jörg Keller: Culture Key Vietnam. 2000, p. 209 “The Vietnamese cultural history has produced three writing systems: Originally the Vietnamese adopted the Han script from the Chinese with its complex graphic characters. From the 2nd century BC to the 19th century, the chu nho, the Confucian script, primarily served the bureaucratic apparatus and the writers. After Vietnam's separation from China, chou nom, the Vietnamese script, developed as a sign of independence and national identity .... "

[2] Adolf Bastian: The peoples of eastern Asia: studies and travel. 1868 Volume 4, p. 374 "Annamite words that are only dialectically different from Chinese or are even taken from the Mandarin language are written with the corresponding Chinese characters (chu nho), and this corresponds to ..."

[3] Martin H. Petrich: Vietnam. 2008, p. 56 “Despite the resistance of the local educated elite, it finally advanced to become a national script (quoc ngu). The Chinese character system (chu nho) was used all the centuries before, but was ultimately reserved for an intellectual minority. At the same time, the writing system chu nom became established among the Tran kings in the 13th century. The new combination of Chinese characters created a simpler system - similar to that in Korea. "