Chromhidrosis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Classification according to ICD-10
E75.1 Chromhidrosis
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

Chromhidrosis ( English chromhidrosis , from ancient Greek χρῶμα chrṓma , German 'color' and ἱδρώς hidrós , German 'sweat' ) is a very rare syndrome that leads to discoloration of sweat . In various case descriptions, bluish, reddish, green, brown or black discolorations were reported.

A distinction is made between four types of chromohidrosis:

  • Apocrine Chromhidrosis, also known as Real Chromhidrosis, Intrinsic Chromhidrosis or Localized Chromhidrosis
  • Eccrine Chromhidrosis
  • Pseudochromhidrosis, also called false chromhidrosis
  • Hemidrosis , also called hemidrosis or hemidrosis

The most common is apocrine Chromhidrosis, in which the apocrine sweat glands are affected; especially in the face, armpits and forearms.

causes

Chromhidrosis is caused by a deposit of the pigment lipofuscin in the sweat glands . The varying concentrations or oxidation stages of lipofuscin are probably responsible for the different color characteristics. Lipofuscin is also often referred to as an age pigment because it accumulates in cells of the skin, nerves or heart muscle with increasing age. It is a yellowish-brown compound that accumulates in certain cell vesicles called telolysosomes as a waste product of oxidative stress.

Chromhydrosis of the eccrine sweat glands are even rarer than apocrine chromhydrosis. They seem to be caused by ingestion of dyes or medication. In this process, water-soluble pigments are absorbed by the body and then excreted again via the eccrine sweat glands.

In the case of hemhidrosis (from ancient Greek αἷμα haíma , German 'blood' and ἱδρώς hidrós , German 'sweat' ), a red-colored sweat is caused by the admixture of blood. The reason for this is possibly an increased permeability of the capillaries supplying the sweat gland ducts.

treatment

Even if the chromohidrosis does not seem to trigger any further physical symptoms, it can be associated with an increased level of suffering for those affected. Regular application (twice a day) of a 0.025% capsaicin cream can be used to treat chromohidrosis . Treatment with botulinum toxin (Botox) can be used for permanent improvement of the symptoms .

Differential diagnostics

Even with an ochronosis there is a brown discoloration of the sweat. The discoloration is triggered by the deposition of homogentisic acid polymers in the skin. Incorrect metabolism of tyrosine ( alkaptonuria ) leads to an accumulation of homogentisic acid in various body tissues and in the urine. Chromhidrosis should not be confused with pseudochromhidrosis (or false chromohidrosis). Here, the actually transparent sweat only changes color to the surface of the skin afterwards. This discoloration is probably caused by the clash and reaction of different substances. Ingredients of clothing could play a role here as well as the production of chromogenic pigments by a Corynebacterium . However, the exact mechanisms are still largely unexplained. Certain microorganisms that colonize the skin and secrete certain reagents probably play a role here.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ S. Balasubramanian, S. Amperayani et al. a .: Chromhidrosis - colored sweat in a toddler. In: Indian pediatrics. Volume 52, Number 4, April 2015, pp. 337-338, PMID 25929635 .
  2. ^ TW Blalock, AN Crowson, B. Danford: A case of generalized red sweating. In: Dermatology online journal. Volume 21, Number 3, March 2015, pp. PMID 25780968 .
  3. ^ T. Schwarz, R. Neumann u. a .: [Apocrine chromhidrosis]. In: The dermatologist ; Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allied Fields. Volume 40, Number 2, February 1989, pp. 106-109, PMID 2714985 .
  4. ↑ a b R. N. Al-Rohil, D. Meyer u. a .: Pigmented eyelid cysts revisited: apocrine retention cyst chromhidrosis. In: The American Journal of Dermatopathology . Volume 36, Number 4, April 2014, pp. 318-326, doi: 10.1097 / DAD.0b013e3182a23a87 , PMID 24247572 (review).
  5. ↑ P. Altmeyer: Chromhidrosis online encyclopedia
  6. ^ J. Cilliers, C. de Beer: The case of the red lingerie - chromhidrosis revisited. In: Dermatology . Volume 199, Number 2, 1999, pp. 149-152, PMID 10559582 .
  7. ↑ P. Altmeyer: Hemhidrosis. Online encyclopedia
  8. ↑ JR Griffith: Isolated areolar apocrine chromhidrosis. In: Pediatrics . Volume 115, number 2, February 2005, pp. E239-e241, doi: 10.1542 / peds.2004-1561 , PMID 15629957 .
  9. ↑ Ilgul Bilgin, Kiymet Handan Kelekci, Sevil Catal, Aylin Calli: Late-onset apocrine chromhidrosis . In: Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology , 2014, Volume 80.