Citole
The citole is a medieval, plucked bowl-neck lute with four (less often three and five) strings, which was particularly popular from the 13th to the middle of the 14th century.
Surname
The word was previously derived from the Latin cistella, "little box" and understood as a small dulcimer or psaltery . In fact, the name refers to the Cister . Probably from a Middle Latin cithrola, "small cithara" contracted. The name exists in different spellings, such as citola , citula, cetula, cythera, citera, chytara, cithara, cetola, cythole, sitole, sytholle, cytolys, cetera, cetola, citola, cistola, cedra, cuitole, zitol and cistole .
history
The cover picture of the Gospel of Charlemagne (end of the 8th century) provides early evidence of the occurrence of the citole . The instrument can be seen in illustrations in the 9th century, but it was not until the 12th century that it was mentioned in writing more often. Different designs have become known. In terms of developmental history, Curt Sachs (1913) sees the Citole as the combination of the occidental frame type with the pear-shaped body outline and the neck and fingerboard of the oriental lute instruments.
literature
- Curt Sachs : Real Lexicon of Musical Instruments. Berlin 1913, p. 84 b, ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
- Laurence Wright: Citole. In: Grove Music Online, 2001
- Laurence Wright, Alice Margerum: Citole. In: Laurence Libin (Ed.): The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments. Volume 1, Oxford University Press, Oxford / New York 2014, pp. 541-544
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Walther : Musical Lexicon […]. Wolffgang Deer, Leipzig 1732, p. 168 (quoted by Du Cange)
- ↑ medieval-recherche.de
Web links
- About lattices and citoles at Diabolus in Musica
- The Citole Project on the history of the Citole
- THE SEARCH FOR THE LOST SOUND
- Sound sample in sound and image with illustrations