Cladonematidae
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Cladonema radiatum |
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| Cladonematidae | ||||||||||||
| Gegenbaur , 1857 |
The Cladonematidae are a family of hydrozoa (Hydrozoa) from the tribe of the cnidarians (Cnidaria) that live exclusively in the sea . It is a small family with currently 21 species in four genera .
features
The hydroid polyps form colonies consisting of creeping stolons or an upright stem on which the individual polyps sit. The hydrant are spindle-shaped with a wreath of four to five capitate tentacles. There may also be another ring of filiform tentacles further away from the mouth, which have a sensory function. The Medusa buds form individually or in small groups at the base of the hydrant.
The medusa can swim and / or move with the help of the tentacles on the substrate. The manubrium is cylindrical and can have perradial pockets, which can also be completely absent. The mouth has either short lips, which can be covered with nettle cells, or it is covered with branched mouth tentacles. The number of radial channels is variable; they open into the ring channel. The number usually corresponds, more rarely exceeds, the number of marginal tentacles. The marginal tentacles are hollow, with some capitate branches, or with adhesive branches. The gonads sit on the subumbrella and completely surround the manubrium, or they sit in special brood pouches. Ocelli sit at the base of the tentacles .
Geographical occurrence
The representatives of the family are spread around the world. Some species are also native to the Mediterranean.
Systematics
The family Cladonematidae has been divided by some authors into the actual Cladonematidae and the Eleutheriidae. In the more recent works, the two families are united. The family currently includes the following genera and species:
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Cladonema Dujardin, 1843
- Cladonema californicum Hyman, 1947
- Cladonema myersi WJ Rees, 1949
- Cladonema pacificum Naumov, 1955
- Cladonema radiatum Dujardin, 1843 (syn. C. mayeri Perkins, 1906, C. novaezelandiae Ralph, 1953 and C. perkinsi Mayer, 1904)
- Cladonema uchidai Hirai, 1958
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Dendronema Haeckel, 1879
- Dendronema stylodendron Haeckel, 1879
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Eleutheria Quatrefages, 1842
- Eleutheria claparedei Hartlaub, 1889
- Eleutheria dichotoma Quatrefages, 1842
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Staurocladia Hartlaub, 1817
- Staurocladia acuminata (Edmonson, 1930)
- Staurocladia alternata (Edmonson, 1930)
- Staurocladia bilateralis (Edmonson, 1930)
- Staurocladia charcoti (Bedot, 1908)
- Staurocladia haswelli (Briggs, 1920)
- Staurocladia hodgsoni (Browne, 1910)
- Staurocladia kerguelensis (Gilchrist, 1918)
- Staurocladia oahuensis (Edmonson, 1930)
- Staurocladia portmanni Brinckmann, 1964a
- Staurocladia schizogena bouillon, 1978a
- Staurocladia ulvae bouillon, 1978a
- Staurocladia vallentini (Browne, 1902) ( syn.S. Capensis (Gilchrist, 1918))
- Staurocladia wellingtoni Schuchert, 1996
swell
literature
- Jean Bouillon, Cinzia Gravili, Francesc Pagès, Josep-Maria Gili and Fernando Boero: An introduction to Hydrozoa. Mémoires du Muséum national d 'Histoire naturelle, 194: 1-591, Publications Scientifiques du Muséum, Paris 2006 ISBN 978-2-85653-580-6
- Marymegan Daly, Mercer R. Brugler, Paulyn Cartwright, Allen G. Collin, Michael N. Dawson, Daphne G. Fautin, Scott C. France, Catherine S. McFadden, Dennis M. Opresko, Estefania Rodriguez, Sandra L. Romano & Joel L. Stake: The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa, 1668: 127-182, Wellington 2007 ISSN 1175-5326 Abstract - PDF
