Cleaner Production

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cleaner Production describes preventive, company-specific environmental protection . By analyzing operating material and energy streams, one tries to trace waste, waste water and emissions at their place of production and thus starting points for internal improvements in industrial processes to work out ( material flow management , material flow analysis , material flow analysis ). Organizational and technical improvements should help to make the best possible use of raw materials and energy flows and to avoid waste, waste water and exhaust gases as far as possible. This includes, for example, the following measures: Documentation of consumption over longer periods of time and analysis of the variance, generation of key figures, benchmarking and controlling, targeted selection of raw and auxiliary materials, particularly biogenic raw materials and energy sources, extension of the service life of auxiliary materials and process baths, improved planning, control and automation, waste reuse, new, low-waste processes and technologies.

The concept emerged from the preparation and immediately after the Rio Summit as a program of UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program) and UNIDO ( United Nations Industrial Development Organization ) under the leadership of Jacqueline Aloisi de Larderel, former Assistant Executive Director of UNEP. The program aimed to reduce the environmental impact of the industry. It has received more international support than any other comparable program. The program idea was described as "... to assist developing nations in leapfrogging from pollution to less pollution, using available technologies". Starting from the simple idea of ​​producing with less waste, Cleaner Production was further developed into a concept to increase the efficiency of production in general. UNIDO has been running a National Cleaner Production Center program since 1994 with centers in Central and South America, Africa, Asia and Europe.

In Austria, a cleaner production initiative was started in 1992 by the BMVIT ( Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology ). This led to the PREPARE and Ökoprofit initiatives . The PIUS (Production-Integrated Environmental Protection) initiative has existed in Germany since 1999. Since 2001, the Federal Environment Agency in Germany (UBA) has been offering an internet portal via "cleaner production Germany", which aims to meet the requirements of Agenda 21, aiming at international environmental technology transfer and, thanks to its consistent bilingualism (German / English), addresses both German and foreign countries User directs. In particular, access to technical and organizational solutions in the field of operational environmental protection and to German contact persons is to be improved through continuously posted project reports on practice-relevant research projects in the environmental sector. Via the navigation in the technology areas (from A for waste technology to T for drinking water treatment), information on more than 1,500 practical examples of the state of the art can be found. In addition, information is provided on the following topics: authorities, advice, research, international cooperation, associations, foreign trade, funding and technology providers.

As a scientific journal exists u. a. the Journal of Cleaner Production , which publishes research on the subject.

See also

literature

  • Ali Yacooub, Johannes Fresner: Half is Enough - An Introduction to Cleaner Production . LCPC Press, Beirut 2006, ISBN 3-9501636-2-X .
  • J. Fresner, T. Bürki, H. Sittig: Resource efficiency in production - reducing costs through cleaner production. Symposion Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-3-939707-48-6 .
  • Organization For Economic Co-Operation And Development (OECD) (Ed.): Technologies For Cleaner Production And Products- Towards Technological Transformation For Sustainable Development. OECD, Paris 1995. (books.google.de)
  • G. Pauli: From Deep Ecology to The Blue Economy. 2011. (zeri.org , PDF file; 277 kB)
  • S. Schaltegger, M. Bennett, R. Burritt, C. Jasch: Environmental Management Accounting as a Support for Cleaner Production. In: S. Schaltegger, M. Bennett, R. Burritt, C. Jasch (Eds.): Environmental Management Accounting for Cleaner Production. Springer, Dordrecht 2008, ISBN 978-1-4020-8912-1 , pp. 3-26

Web links