Convolutidae

Convolutidae
	Symsagittifera schultzei
Systematics
without rank:	Multicellular animals (Metazoa)
without rank:	Bilateria
Trunk :	Xenacoelomorpha
Sub-stem :	Acoelomorpha
Class :	Acoela
Family :	Convolutidae
Scientific name
	Convolutidae
	Graff , 1905

Convolutidae is the name of a family of predatory marine acoela that live mostly in symbiosis with endosymbiotic algae . It comprises more than a third of all known Acoela species.

features

The Acoela of the Convolutidae family have an abdominal mouth opening and are characterized by skin muscles that consist of circular muscles, longitudinal muscles and longitudinally crisscrossing muscle fibers on both the back and the abdomen. There is also a group of U-shaped fibers in the abdominal wall of the body. Most species harbor endosymbiotic algae , which depending on the species can be green algae ( zoochlorella, for example in the genus Convolutriloba or Tetraselmis convolutae in Symsagittifera roscoffensis ) or other algae such as dinoflagellates ( zooxanthellae, for example in Waminoa litus ). As a rule, they live from the photosynthetic products of their endosymbionts, to which they in turn make nitrogen available, and as carnivores from preyed small animals.

Genera

The Convolutidae family is currently divided into 24 genera . These also include the five genera Antrosagittifera , Convolutriloba , Praesagittifera , Sagittifera and Symsagittifera , the species of which have sagittocysts in their skin, about 18 to 50 µm long needle-shaped structures for catching prey and for defense and which were previously grouped in the Sagittiferidae family:

Achoerus Beklemischev, 1914
Adenopea Antonius, 1968
Amphiscolops Graff, 1904
Anaperus Graff, 1911
Antrosagittifera Hooge & Tyler, 2001
Brachypea Antonius, 1968
Conaperta Antonius, 1968
Convoluta Ørsted, 1843
Convolutriloba Hendelberg & Akesson, 1988
Haplodiscus Weldon, 1888
Heterochaerus Haswell, 1905
Neochildia Bush, 1975
Oligochoerus Beklemischev, 1963
Oxyposthia Ivanov, 1952
Philachoerus Dörjes, 1968
Polychoerus Mark, 1892
Praesagittifera Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990
Pseudanaperus Dörjes, 1968
Pseudoconvoluta Beklemischev, 1929
Sagittifera Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990
Stomatricha Hooge, 2003
Symsagittifera Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990
Waminoa Winsor, 1990
Wulguru Winsor, 1988

literature

MD Hooge, S. Tyler (2005): New tools for resolving phylogenies: a systematic revision of the Convolutidae (Acoelomorpha, Acoela). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 43 (2), pp. 100-113. doi: 10.1111 / j.1439-0469.2005.00301.x . ISSN 0947-5745.

Individual evidence

^ S. Tyler, T. Artois, S. Schilling, M. Hooge, LF Bush (Eds.) (2006-2018): World List of turbellarian worms: Acoelomorpha, Catenulida, Rhabditophora. Convolutidae Graff, 1905. WoRMS , 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
^ S. Tyler, T. Artois, S. Schilling, M. Hooge, LF Bush (Eds.) (2006-2018): World List of turbellarian worms: Acoelomorpha, Catenulida, Rhabditophora. Sagittiferidae Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990. WoRMS , 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2018.

[1] S. Tyler, T. Artois, S. Schilling, M. Hooge, LF Bush (Eds.) (2006-2018): World List of turbellarian worms: Acoelomorpha, Catenulida, Rhabditophora. Convolutidae Graff, 1905. WoRMS , 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2018.

[2] S. Tyler, T. Artois, S. Schilling, M. Hooge, LF Bush (Eds.) (2006-2018): World List of turbellarian worms: Acoelomorpha, Catenulida, Rhabditophora. Sagittiferidae Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990. WoRMS , 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2018.