Data loss
Data loss ( english data loss ) refers to the unforeseen getting lost of data . All data that is not available on a data memory as advised is considered lost .
Data loss can be temporary or permanent. Temporary data losses are characterized by the fact that they can be remedied by appropriate countermeasures. In the event of permanent data loss, the data cannot be restored, i.e. it is permanently lost or physically destroyed.
causes
A loss of data occurs, for example, if the computer cannot be accessed due to technical defects or if logical errors in a higher level of the software or hardware hierarchy lead to unavailability.
However, data loss can also occur as a result of an unscheduled situation in the routine operation of a computer, faulty software (in particular operating systems ), incorrect configuration or hardware defects. In addition, external influences such as theft, overvoltage, liquids, fire or unauthorized operation of the system can lead to data loss.
Also operating errors can lead to data loss. This includes, for example, accidentally deleting or overwriting files, unintentional formatting and mechanical damage to data carriers , but also turning off a computer without properly shutting down the system.
Typical indirect causes for the occurrence of a data loss are activation of malware , errors in the file system or attacks by crackers . These often require previous operating errors or faulty software or configuration, which can then result in data loss. Indirect causes such as a current computer virus are also common reasons for data loss, but do not result in a deficient system per se; however, these causes can be prevented preventively by an optimally configured system. Another reason for data loss through malware can be targeted use as sabotage.
Prevention
The risk of data loss occurring can be minimized by using an adequate backup concept . Data loss can also be prevented through redundancy of data carriers and storage systems, but only in the event of hardware damage. Redundancy does not help against accidental deletion or damage by malware.
However, all preventive measures have in common that they only minimize the risk of data loss, but cannot eliminate it per se. There is always a residual risk that backup systems will also be affected by data loss and that a temporary or permanent data loss will nevertheless occur.
Countermeasures
In many cases, lost data can be recovered using data recovery . The chances of success of a recovery are directly dependent on the cause of the data loss. The type of defective data carrier is also relevant for the choice of adequate countermeasures and their chances of success.
