Declaration of Sofia (1929)
The Sofia Declaration ( Croatian Sofijska deklaracija , Bulgarian Софийска декларация ) of April 20, 1929 was an agreement on cooperation between the nationalist - terrorist Croatian Ustasha and the Bulgarian IMRO in the fight against the Yugoslav royal dictatorship . The declaration was initiated by the leaders of these organizations Ante Pavelić and Ivan Michajlow .
The declaration was signed on the one hand by Ante Pavelić and Gustav Perčec for the Ustascha, on the other hand by Mikhaylov President Konstantin Stanishev and other representatives of the IMRO sub-organization “ Macedonian National Committee ” in Sofia .
Goal setting
The aim of the declaration was to coordinate the joint struggle of the Croatian and Macedonian emigrants in the destruction of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia under the rule of the Serbian Karađorđević dynasty and the establishment of the independent states of Croatia and Macedonia .
consequences
During the visit, Pavelić lived at the headquarters of IMRO, the country house of IMRO leader Michajlow in Bankya near Sofia. After signing the declaration, Pavelic traveled on to fascist Italy and, with the support of Mikhailov, found access to diplomatic circles, which from then on supported the struggle of the Ustasha massively.
On July 17, 1929, the Yugoslav Special Court for the protection of the state in Belgrade sentenced the Croatian signatories Ante Pavelić and Gustav Perčec to death in absentia. The reasons for the judgment accused them:
" I. To have answered the welcoming address [...] with speeches at the Sofia railway station in front of a crowd and especially in front of a large group of Macedonian emigrants. […]
II. That they gave anti-subversive speeches at a […] held in their honor in Sofia.
III. Dr. Ante Pavelić [...] has promised to cooperate for the purpose of secession of Croatia and Macedonia from the Yugoslav state, [...] whereby she committed the crime according to Art. I, points 1 and 2 of the law on the protection of public security and order in the state, have then been guilty of the offense under Art. IV and V of the same law, and have therefore been sentenced to death according to § 68 and 69 of the Serbian [sic] Criminal Code. "
In 1930, on the occasion of an emigrants' conference in Baden near Vienna , Michajlow and Pavelić spoke out in favor of not sticking to journalistic activities, but instead using violent actions to draw the world's attention to Croatia and to shake up the Croatian population. In 1931, several bombs exploded in trains going from Vienna to Belgrade.
Furthermore, the declaration was the formal precondition and justification for a joint cooperation and made possible the fatal assassination attempt against the Yugoslav king Alexander I in 1934, in joint planning and implementation by members of both organizations. The attack was carried out by Vlado Chernozemsky , a member of the IMRO who was a liaison officer in a Ustaše training camp. To train active armed combat and insurrection cadres, several subordinates of the newly founded Ustaše went through the Bulgarian training camps of the IMRO, which was particularly experienced in this, including those who were involved in the attack. The declaration represented the final turn to terror for the Ustasha and the training by the IMRO was of great importance for the formation of the core of the Ustasha organization.
text
The declaration was essentially:
" Occasionally the fraternal visit of the Croatian MP Dr. Ante Pavelić and the city council of the Croatian capital Zagreb Gustav Perčec at the National Committee of the Macedonian Emigrant Organization in Bulgaria, it was stated by both parties that the impossible Belgrade regime imposed on Croatia and Macedonia, both prompted their legal activities to fight the human and national in equal measure To coordinate rights, political freedom and full independence of Croatia and Macedonia.
At the same time it was declared by both parties that in the future they will work towards the achievement of these ideals of both fraternal peoples by exerting all their energies . "
See also
literature
- Martin Broszat / Ladislaus Hory: The Croatian Ustasha State 1941–1945 . In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte . 2nd Edition. No. 8 . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1965, p. 20th f .
- Croatian text of the declaration cf. Jere Jareb: Pola stoljeća hrvatske politike 1895. - 1945. [Half a century of Croatian politics 1895 - 1945] . Ed .: Hrvatski institut za povijest. Zagreb 1995, ISBN 953-6324-02-4 , pp. 46 f .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stefan Troebst: The Macedonian Century: From the Beginnings of the National Revolutionary Movement to the Ohrid Agreement 1893-2001. Selected essays. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58050-1 , p. 132.
- ↑ Vladeta Milićević : The regicide of Marseille. Bad Godesberg 1959, p. 32 u. 36.
- ↑ Vladeta Milićević: The regicide of Marseille. Bad Godesberg 1959, p. 32.
- ^ Ante Pavelić: From the struggle for the independent state of Croatia: Some documents and pictures. Croatian correspondence "Grič", Vienna 1931, p. 93.
- ↑ Martin Broszat, Ladislaus Hory: The Croatian Ustascha State 1941-1945. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte. Number 8, 2nd edition. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1965, p. 23.
- ↑ Vladeta Milićević: The regicide of Marseille. Bad Godesberg 1959, p. 36. and Martin Broszat / Ladislaus Hory: The Croatian Ustascha State 1941–1945 . In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte. Number 8, 2nd edition. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1965, p. 23.
- ↑ Branimir Stanojević: Collaborators of Fascism: Andrija Artuković and the Ustasha regime. Tanjug News Agency , Belgrade 1985, p. 4.
- ^ Ante Pavelić: From the struggle for the independent state of Croatia: Some documents and pictures. Croatian correspondence "Grič", Vienna 1931, p. 94.