Word formation morpheme

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A word formation morpheme or derivation morpheme is a dependent morpheme that expands an existing word stem into a new word.

Instead of the word education morpheme we also speak of derivational ( Derivatem ) or Formationsmorphem .

Wortbildungsmorpheme particular prefixes ( prefixes ) or suffixes ( suffixes ).

Examples of prefix and suffix
Prefix {be}
inherit , sing , regret , weep ...
Suffix {-ung}
Sentence-ung , observation , admiration , image-ung ...

The word formation morphemes are to be distinguished from the inflection morphemes (flexemes), which are used to carry out the inflection . In the formal respect of the position to a basic lexical morpheme, however, the inflection morphemes are like the word formation morphemes prefixes, suffixes or infixes, i.e. H. Affixes .

The systematic classification of word formation morphemes is controversial or unclear: word formation morphemes are often assigned to grammatical morphemes . However, grammatical morphemes are defined as morphemes with only grammatical or structural meaning. For word formation morphemes, however, it is acknowledged that they can "also bring about semantic modifications". Others therefore differentiate between lexical morphemes, grammatical morphemes and word formation morphemes or explicitly qualify the word formation morpheme as a “bound lexical morpheme”.

The word formation morphemes in general lead to a change in gender or part of speech, the suffixes always.

Example of a word type change
Child - child-like , child-like

The difference or the transition from lexemes to affixes is fluid when viewed diachronic and either closed or not closed when viewed synchronously .

Example of a completed transition
In Old High German , the word scaf was a lexeme meaning composition, order, plan. Today it is a suffix as -schaft (e.g .: message , bequest ...).

For the German language, around 3000 lexical, 16 grammatical and 100 word formation morphemes are assumed.

In the abstract description of the constituent structure of a compound word, abbreviations such as WBM (for word formation morpheme) or D (for derivative morpheme) are also used.

example
Connection (DKD)
Ver-bind-ung-en (DKDF)

Web links

Wiktionary: word formation morpheme  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. Duden. German universal dictionary. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Dudenverlag, Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2007, ISBN 3-411-05506-5 , keyword “derivative morpheme”.
  2. Terminologically confusing, on the one hand , there is talk of word formation morpheme and, in the opposite sense, word formation morpheme in the sense of a lexical morpheme, so Schlaefer, Michael: Lexikologie und Lexikographie. 2009, p. 20.
  3. So z. B. Bogdal, Michael: BA German Studies: a textbook. Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 2008, p. 32; Karatas: morphology. In: Volmert (Hrsg.): Grundkurs Sprachwissenschaft. 5th edition. 2005, p. 88 or also here currently in Morphem
  4. So z. B. Kürschner: Grammatical Compendium. 4th edition. 2003, p. 64.
  5. Schlaefer, Michael: lexicology and lexicography. 2009, p. 21.
  6. So Langemann / Felgentreu (ed.): Duden. Basic knowledge of school: German. 2nd Edition. 2006, p. 44.
  7. ^ So Kürschner: Grammatical Compendium. 4th edition. 2003, p. 66.
  8. So Schlaefer, Michael: lexicology and lexicography. 2009, p. 21.
  9. ^ So Gadler: Practical Linguistics. 3. Edition. 1998, p. 105.
  10. After Schlaefer, Michael: lexicology and lexicography. 2009, p. 21.
  11. After Schlaefer, Michael: lexicology and lexicography. 2009, p. 21.
  12. So Langemann / Felgentreu (ed.): Duden, basic knowledge school: German. 2nd Edition. 2006, p. 44.
  13. After Karatas: morphology. In: Volmert (Hrsg.): Grundkurs Sprachwissenschaft. 5th edition. 2005, p. 97. With D = derivative morpheme, K = nuclear morpheme, F = flexion morpheme