Desiderative
In linguistics , the desiderative denotes a type of action of the basic verb that expresses the desire to carry out the action of the verb . The optative fulfills a similar function , but in contrast to the desiderative it is a mode of the verb.
Desideratives are verbs that are formed from basic verbs or other bases through morphological derivation .
Importance for language development
The future tense of the daughters of the Indo-European original language could have developed from a combination of the desiderative with the subjunctive .
Sanskrit
In Sanskrit , desideratives are formed by adding sa and introducing a doubling syllable (reduplication syllable), which consists of the first consonant of the word stem (possibly changed) and a vowel. This vowel is usually an i , but if there is a u in the root, then a u is duplicated in the prefix. It also happens that the vowel of the word stem is changed.
| Stem | meaning | Desiderative | meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| nayati | He leads | nínīṣati | he wants to lead |
| pibati | he drinks | pípāsati | he wants to drink |
| jivati | he lives | jíjīviṣati | he wants to live |
Latin
In Latin , desideratives are derived from the PPP stem, with the suffix -ur and the derivative belonging to the i conjugation.
| Stem | meaning | PPP | Desiderative | meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| edere | eat | it- | it ur ire | want to eat, be hungry |
| petere | to reach | petit- | petit ur ire | want to reach |
| mori | to die | mortu- | mortu r ire | want to die |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Leo Spitzer : About the future tense cantare habeno. In: Essays on Romance syntax and style . Niemeyer, Tübingen 1967, pp. 173-180