Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Title page of the Diccionario de la lengua castellana from 1780

The Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española is a dictionary of the Spanish language published by the Royal Spanish Academy [of language]. The first edition dates from 1780 and the last - the 23rd - from 2014.

The dictionary is considered to be the most important dictionary for the Spanish language, and is essential in all cases of doubt. It contains all words that are not only used in technical languages ​​or in limited geographical areas of the Spanish-speaking world. The abbreviation is generally DRAE ( D iccionario de la lengua española de la R eal A CADEMIA E Spanola), however, the Academy itself speaks of the Diccionario Usual .

Origin and development of the dictionary

22nd edition of the Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española.

Developing a dictionary for the Spanish language was one of the first tasks the academy set itself when it was founded in 1713. Initially, the Diccionario de Autoridades (1726–1739 in six volumes) was created. The DRAE, which first appeared in 1780, was developed on this basis. The full title translates as: "Dictionary of the Spanish language, compiled by the Royal Spanish Academy, reduced to one volume for easier use". In the foreword, the public's demand for a dictionary was given as the reasons for publication, while the second corrected and expanded edition of the Diccionario de Autoridades was still pending. The DRAE is a more easily used and inexpensive alternative. With its second edition, the DRAE rose to become the most important dictionary of the Spanish language, whereby no evidence was given. The Diccionario de Autoridades has not been updated since 1793.

The plenum of the academy decides on the inclusion, modification or deletion of keywords. Between 1780 and 1992, if Latin American words were used, the academies of these countries were also consulted. Since the 1992 edition, the Royal Spanish Academy and the 21 other academies for the language of the Spanish-speaking world have jointly published the dictionary.

Editions of the DRAE (year and edition): 1780 (1st) - 1783 (2nd) - 1791 (3rd) - 1803 (4th) - 1817 (5th) - 1822 (6th) - 1832 (7th) - 1837 (8th) - 1843 (9th) - 1852 (10th) - 1869 (11th) - 1884 (12th) - 1899 (13th) - 1914 (14th) - 1925 (15th) - 1936 / 39 (16th) - 1947 (17th) - 1956 (18th) - 1970 (19th) - 1984 (20th) - 1992 (21st) - 2001 (22nd) - 2014 (23rd).

Media used

The DRAE was published on paper up to the 21st edition, but with this edition an edition was also published on CD-ROM for the first time. With the 22nd edition, the dictionary was also put on the Internet, where it can be accessed free of charge.

Curiosities

From the fourth edition (1803) ch and ll were treated as separate letters in the alphabet. This decision was only overturned in 1994 by the 10th Congress of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, so that ch and ll are now placed in their usual place in the Latin alphabet. In 1803 the x was also exchanged for a j if it was pronounced like j . The circumflex accent ^ has been deleted.

The first editions were much more extensive than today. They contained the translation of the keywords into Latin , in some cases gave examples of their use, especially in the form of idioms, and dealt with the history of the word. Following the usage of the epoch, mujer (German: woman) is classified under muger ; xaga first turned into chaga and later into llaga (German: wound) and xapeo into chapeo (German: hat).

In the colophon on the last page of the 22nd edition, the most famous Spanish poet receives a special honor: “ Se acabó de imprimir este libro en Madrid, en los talleres graficos de Rotapapel, SL, el día 9 de octubre de MMI, fecha en que se cumplen 454 años del bautismo de Miguel de Cervantes ”(“ The printing of this book was finished on October 9, 2001 in Madrid in the graphic workshops of Rotapapel S.L., the day on which the baptism of Miguel de Cervantes for the 454th Times "). The exact birthday of Cervantes is unknown, which is why reference is made to baptism.

Dictionary title

  • Diccionario de la lengua castellana compuesto por la Real Academia Española (German: Dictionary of the Spanish Language, compiled by the Royal Spanish Academy), title of the first (1780) to fourth edition (1803).
  • Diccionario de la lengua castellana por la Real Academia Española , title of the fifth (1817) to 14th edition (1914).
  • Diccionario de la lengua española since the 15th edition (1925).

See also

literature

  • F. Lebsaft: The Diccionario de la lengua española of the Real Academia Española. In: Ulrike Haß (ed.): Large encyclopedias and dictionaries of Europe , De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-019363-3 , pp. 65–75

Web links (in Spanish)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Diccionario de la lengua castellana compuesto por la Real Academia Española, reducido á un tomo para su más fácil uso