Dobberzin (Perleberg)

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Dobberzin was a small village near Perleberg in the Prignitz in the 13th and 14th centuries . It was first mentioned as Dobersin in 1293 when a knight von Wartenberg sold two hooves to a Perleberger. Later names, such as the Dobberziner Tor, which was located in the south-east of the city on Bäckerstraße at the level of the Hotel Deutscher Kaiser, point to the existence of such a village. At the beginning of the 14th century, the village came into the possession of the council and citizens of Perleberg. As a result, the Dobberziner Feldmark was merged into the Perleberg municipal area.

There are various hypotheses about the further development and the exact location. It is believed that the village became desolate in the 14th century because of the sterile soil, as the place name is no longer mentioned. It is believed that Dobberzin was located south of the Jeetze at the former robber's inn or the sheep farm and that it finally rose in the expanded, wooded urban area of ​​Perleberg. Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm , on the other hand, advocates the thesis that the village was right in front of the Dobberziner Tor and never became desolate; however, it has developed into a suburb.

Until the research results of all prehistoric finds and excavations in the Westprignitz are published by Dr. Waldtraut Bohm in 1937, there was no indication of the possible local location of Dobberzins. Dr. Bohm listed only two places where foundations were found, broken pieces and fireplaces near Perleberg. Both are located in well-known, formerly inhabited sections of Funkenhorn and Räuberkrug. It is made by Dr. Bohm only stated in the publication that one of the two sites could be attributed to Dobberzin. Any further research to present evidence was not in the mandate of Dr. Bohm and were not executed. From this mere assumption, without taking into account the other local characteristics of origin and the lack of further research, the alleged location of Dobberzins has been wrongly held at that place near the Jeetze ever since.

The thesis put forward by Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm finds confirmation in several circumstantial evidence, whereas the hypotheses of a more distant location of Dobberzins in Perleberg do not show this. The “Charte von der PRIGNITZ” from 1779, redesigned in 1795, shows the local connection routes. On this map it can be seen that the main route from Perleberg to Wilsnack leads via Ponitz and therefore has no connection to the Räuberkrug. The map also shows a route via the former location of the Räuberkrug, but this can be neglected as the main route, as it already joins the route via Ponitz at Uenze and forms a detour. As a lonely pilgrimage, it may have been preferred.

In the "Chronicle of the district and garrison town of Perleberg" it says that the Wilsnack pilgrims stopped at the Gertraudenkapelle with its associated inn. The location of the Gertrauden Chapel is attributed to today's Wilsnacker Strasse and is listed locally on the “Beer's map of the city of Perleberg” from 1726. The chronicle says exactly:

“Before and after 1400 letters of indulgence were sold. In the letter of indulgence for those pilgrims to the Wilsnacker Wunderblut, the Archbishop of Magdeburg, the Bishops of Havelberg, Brandenburg and Lebus promised 40 days indulgence for each mile of the way to Wilsnack, 40 days for every walk around the churchyard, etc. Wilsnack's visit was extraordinarily large. Almost all houses offered accommodation for the pilgrims. Perleberg had a primarily commercial interest in Wilsnack; In front of the Dobberzinertor, today Wilsnacker Strasse, an inn was built on the spot where, until a few years ago, in 1914, the inn "Goldener Stern" stood. The inn was previously the place of pilgrimage. Next to this inn, Perleberg also built a little church, the "Getraudenkapelle". On old Perleberg forest tarpaulins in Jagen 2, just before the Wilsnack border, there is a drawing of a pilgrimage fountain. In any case, the pilgrims also took a break in the so-called "robber's jug" located in Jagen 2 on the way to Wilsnack. "

There is talk of a pilgrims' fountain and the robber's jug, a solitary homestead on the edge of the forest, by no means a place that was on the way. The everyday way of life speaks against this situation. At the time when agriculture determined survival, no one would have thought of establishing a locality in these areas. The forests there are on sandy ground, which made agriculture impossible. The river plains are swampy and waterlogged, both arguments against agriculture. Neither documents, drawings, maps or finds confirm a possible former settlement on the Jeetze.

The Berlin-Perleberg post route continues through the Werzin, Ponitz and Düpow locations to Perleberg. Between Düpow and Perleberg it initially ran over today's arable land, the course of today's federal road did not exist. The Perleberger Karlstraße formed the post route at that time. This crossed today's Wilsnacker Straße and led directly to the Stepenitz via the property of today's high school. Immediately behind the junction of the Stepenitz arms there was a ford, so that the post route continued on the opposite Beguinenwiese. The first Perleberg harbor with its trading center was here. He formed the "open invitation" to the place, which later became Perleberg. With the construction of the city wall, the “invitation to enter the town” was now the place of greatest threat. It was completely closed and a new connection to the east had to be created. Due to a good defense, the Dobberziner Tor was built and with it its bridges and defenses. While the Wittenberger Tor formed the exit to Wittenberge, the Parchimer Tor the exit with the post route leading from there to Parchim at that time, the Dobberziner Tor led to Dobberzin. No talk of the nearest or larger, now known places Düpow, Pritzwalk, Kyritz or Wilsnack. As a result, Dobberzin was located between Düpow and Perleberg and not just since the city wall was built.

In 1931 a bomb pot with offerings was found during construction work near the city estate. This offering proves that this section of the village was created at the same time as the later town of Perleberg on the Stepenitz Island. It must now be assumed that on both sides of the Stepenitz route two places were created at the same time, Perleberg and Dobberzin, namely Dobberzin for the reason that no other documented naming can be proven for this section. The tradition goes on to say that these lands were taken over by the city of Perleberg in the 14th century. From this it is conclusive that the place existing there and its lands merged with Perleberg. Such a statement undoubtedly speaks of the presence of a place other than Perleberg.

Before villages were formed, locators were named by the sovereign who were commissioned to establish a village. In most cases, lower aristocrats or townspeople were chosen as locators, who were nevertheless of a higher rank than the general public. Thus they were also knights or varsallen of the sovereigns. In this context it is noteworthy that in 1420, when the Perleberg Peace was concluded in the Perleberg town hall, the mayor of the city was present. It was the mayor named Dobberzin. It is also known that this mayor, Dobberzin, was the most important dressmaker alongside Strehlemann in 1447. Its higher position is thus to be regarded as secured. When considering the time span between the founding of Dobberzin and Perleberg, it cannot be ruled out that the Dobberzin family or the family were the locators of the place.

literature

  • Council of the city of Perleberg (ed.): 750 years of Perleberg . Printing house SVZ Wittenberge, Perleberg 1989, p. 37 .
  • Otto Vogel: Slavic place names of the Prignitz . Perleberg 1904.
  • Franz Grunick: Chronicle of the district and garrison town of Perleberg . Perleberg 1939.
  • Jens Nering: Perleberg A journey through time, DVD film of the history of Perleberg . Perleberg 2013.
  • Waldtraut Bohm: The prehistory of the Westprignitz district . Berlin 1937.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sophie Wauer: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. Part 6. The place names of the Prignitz . Weimar 1989, ISBN 3-7400-0119-4 , pp. 86 .
  2. ↑ Lieselott Enders : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg . Part I Prignitz. Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1962, p. 75 .
  3. ↑ Lieselott Enders: The Prignitz - History of a Kurmärkischen landscape from the 12th to the 18th century . 1st edition. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg GmbH, Potsdam 2000, ISBN 3-935035-00-4 , p. 220 .
  4. ^ Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm: Perleberg in the Middle Ages - urban development and history . Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86732-083-2 , p. 60 f .
  5. ↑ Dr. Waltdraut Bohm: The prehistory of the district Westprignitz . Curt Kabitzsch Verlag, Leipzig 1937, p. 103 ff .
  6. ^ Franz Grunick: Chronicle of the district and garrison town of Perleberg . Verlag F. Grunick Nachf., Perleberg, Berlin 1939, p. 18th ff .
  7. ↑ Jens Nering: Perleberg A journey through time . Verlag private creative art, Perleberg, Perleberg 2013, p. DVD .