Single step method
The single step method is a representation method of historical linguistics . It breaks down complex phonological chains of derivation into individual steps and in this way enables the viewer to more easily understand these complex chains of derivation. For each derivation step, a unique assignment refers to an index in which all derivation steps are listed.
Examples
- The development of the Hebrew word for 'eye'.
*ˈˤaynum 'the eye' (nom.)(st.c.) > 12 *ˈˤaynu > 34 *ˈˤayn > 42d *ˈˤayin.
The superscript indices refer to the following rules:
12: * Vm> V / _ # The final [m] disappears.
34: V> ø / _ # A final vowel disappears.
42d: * ˈayC> ˈayiC / _ # The sequence of the final [ay] plus consonant becomes [ayi] plus consonant.
- The Romanesque diphthongization of the Latin short [ę].
e > ę(1) > íę(2) > íẹ(3) > jẹ(4) > ję(5)
The superscript indices refer to the following rules:
(1): e> ę vowel opening (approx. 2nd century).
(2): ę> íę Diphthongization (approx. 3rd century)
(3): íę> íẹ Reduction of the degree of opening from [ę] to [ẹ] in contact with [i]
(4): íẹ> jẹ The accent falls from [i] to the [ẹ]. This turns [i] into a semi-vowel [j] (approx. 8th century)
(5): jẹ> ję opening from [ẹ] to [ę] (approx. 17th century)
- The development of the early Latin form duenos to the classic Latin form bonus .
du̯enos > (9.11) *du̯onos > (40.11) *bonos > (9.18) bonus
The indexes in brackets refer to the following rules:
(9.11): e> o / u̯_C (C) V (V = a, o, u) The so-called o-umlaut causes the change from [e]> [o] to [u̯], if one of the Vowels [aou] follow.
(40.11): du̯> b / #_ The development of the early Latin group [du̯] to [b].
(9.18): o> u / _C (C) # The closure of [o] to [u] in the muted final before the consonant.
literature
- Aron Dolgopolsky: From Proto-Semitic to Hebrew . Centro Studi Camito-Semitici di Milano, Milan 1999.
- Noëlle Laborderie: Précis de phonétique historique . Armand Colin, Paris 2009. ISBN 978-2-20035-439-8 .
- Malte Liesner: Workbook for Latin Historical Phonology . Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden 2012. ISBN 978-3-89500-859-7 .