Electrophilic substitution

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The electrophilic substitution (short S E ) is a reaction mechanism in organic chemistry . It denotes the substitution of an atom or a group of atoms by an electrophile , a group of atoms that has an electron deficiency at one position . This preferentially reacts with electron-rich species, for example with unsaturated carbon compounds and especially with aromatics . Both the entering and the leaving group are usually cationic . The electrophilic substitution can be found almost exclusively in aromatic systems.

→ see main article on electrophilic aromatic substitution

Solvent effects

The electrophilic substitution often takes place via an ionic intermediate and therefore often proceeds more quickly in polar solvents than in non- polar solvents . This is due to the fact that polar solvents are able to stabilize the polar transition states or intermediate stages that occur better than non-polar solvents.

literature

  • Peter Sykes: How do organic reactions work? , 2nd edition, Wiley-VCH, 2001, p. 36 ff.