Expectation (psychology)

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An expectation relates to the acceptance or anticipation of a future event . The associated subjective probability can vary in degree. The term conviction , on the other hand, implies a subjective certainty . The terms expectations ( English : expectancies ) and beliefs (English: beliefs ) are not strictly distinguished. The Lexicon of Psychology refers to P. Lersch when it writes: Expectation is the anticipatory anticipation and visualization of coming events in relation to the subject of our strivings. This was derived from previous experience. The action in accordance with the expectation of going the expected voltage advance.

In formal terms, an expectation can relate to:

  • the relationship between oneself and behavior ( expectation of self-efficacy )
  • on the relationship of one's own behavior to direct consequences ( expected result ) or indirect consequences ( expected instrumentality )
  • to the question of who or what the occurrence of desired events or results depends on ( control conviction )
  • when asked what the causes of a certain result are ( attribution )

One of the expectations in personality research is one of those

In general psychology, the expectation effect (also: attitude effect) is called the phenomenon "that we interpret what we see or read according to our expectations." Experiments are also referred to as the experimenter-expectation effect .

philosophy

In his Philosophy of Time (→ History section  ), the doctrine of the Church, Augustine von Hippo , contrasted the expectation as a psychological aspect of the future with its physical aspect ( time measurement ). The contrast between future and past creates a contrast to memory (the psychological aspect of the past).

literature

  • Hannelore Weber; Thomas Rammsayer: Differential Psychology - Personality Research. Hogrefe, Göttingen et al. 2012, ISBN 978-3-8017-2172-5 , pp. 13 85-105.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ So Hannelore Weber; Thomas Rammsayer: Differential Psychology - Personality Research. Hogrefe, Göttingen et al. 2012, p. 86.
  2. ^ Herder Verlag Freiburg, Basel, Vienna, Vol. 1, p. 526
  3. ^ Structure of the Person, Munich 1962, p. 268
  4. ^ After Hannelore Weber; Thomas Rammsayer: Differential Psychology - Personality Research. Hogrefe, Göttingen et al. 2012, p. 86 f.
  5. ↑ Christian Becker-Carus ; Mike Wendt: General Psychology. An introduction. 2nd Edition. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 2017, ISBN 978-3-662-53006-1 , p. 10