Euxoa tritici

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Euxoa tritici
Euxoa tritici

Euxoa tritici

Systematics
Subfamily : Noctuinae
Tribe : Agrotini
Sub tribus : Agrotina
Genre : Euxoa
Subgenus : Euxoa
Type : Euxoa tritici
Scientific name
Euxoa tritici
( Linnaeus , 1761)

Euxoa tritici ( Syn . : Euxoa crypta Dadd), also called Dadd's earth owl , is a butterfly ( moth ) fromthe owl butterfly family . It is one of three species of the narrower E. tritici complex, whose taxonomic status as bonae species has been questioned. T. still will. It used to be z. Sometimes also under the common German name wheat owl.

features

The moths have a wingspan of 28 to 32 millimeters. Coloring and drawing are variable. The basic color of the forewings varies from reddish to purple-reddish or even slightly bluish; it is darker than the color of the thorax . Ring and kidney defects are often clearly drawn light and have dark edges. Inner and outer transverse line as well as the wavy line can be seen. Occasionally there are some bright spots on the costal edge of the forewing. The wings are relatively short, wide and well rounded at the apex. The males have relatively short, comb-like antennae, the females have thread-shaped antennae.

Egg, caterpillar and pupa have not yet been described.

Similar species

The three types of E. tritici complex, i.e. H. E. nigrofusca , E. tritici , E. eruta are very similar and can usually only be distinguished by genital morphological investigations. The taxonomic status as an independent species is questioned. There is also Euxoa aequilina , whose moths are also very variable in color and markings and are often very similar to the species of the E. tritici complex.

  • E. aquilina , the sawtooth-like antennae of the males have longer teeth than the antennae of the male E. nigrofusca .
  • E. eruta , slightly lighter basic color than E. tritici and slightly larger, slightly less contrasting
  • E. nigrofusca , on average larger wingspan: 32 to 34 mm, forewings longer and slightly narrower, the upper side of the hind wings and the undersides of the fore and hind wings are slightly lighter. The cone blemishes are usually somewhat stronger in E. tritici . The flight time of the moths is about two to three weeks earlier than that of E. tritici .

The three other species of the E. tritici complex ( E. montivaga , E. segnilis and E. diaphora ) do not occur in Central Europe.

Geographical distribution and habitat

Euxoa tritici occurs in Europe, probably in an Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution pattern. The exact area is so far unknown due to the lack of differentiation from Euxoa nigrofusca . The occurrence in northern Germany, the Netherlands , Poland, Latvia , the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Ex- Yugoslavia , Romania, Belgium and southern Scandinavia as well as (so far) isolated occurrences in central Spain, Portugal and southeastern France is certain. The species occurs on sandy heathland.

Way of life

Euxoa tritici forms one generation per year, the moths of which fly in August, with a peak in mid-August.

Systematics and nomenclature

The species was listed in the literature as Euxoa crypta Dadd, 1927 until 1993 or 1998 . When examining the type specimen (lectotype) of the species established by Carl von Linné as Phalaena Noctua tritici , it turned out that this specimen is identical to Euxoa crypta Dadd, 1927, i. This means that the name tritici Linnaeus, 1761 is now the valid name of this species.

The oldest available name for the specimens wrongly referred to as Euxoa tritici in the literature is Phalaena Noctua nigrofusca Esper, 1788, which in the combination Euxoa nigrofusca the valid name Euxoa tritici auct. is.

A third, very similar species, often only called a forma or subspecies of Euxoa tritici auct. was held is Euxoa eruta (Hübner, 1827). Fibiger (1998) considers it to be a bona species that mainly differs in the female genital system. Marko Mutanen, on the other hand, found no significant differences in quantitative morphometric examinations of the male and female genital organs and concluded that probably some, if not all, species of the E. tritici complex ( i.e. E. nigrofusca , E. tritici , E. eruta , E. montivaga , E. segnilis and E. diaphora ) must be synonymous.

Danger

Due to the difficult situation of taxonomy, the risk potential of this species is difficult to assess. Basically, it can only be given for the E. tritici complex as a whole. The constantly fluctuating population sizes of this species (s) have decreased noticeably in recent years. Nevertheless, they are / will not be classified as endangered. In contrast, the Red Lists of Bavaria classify the species as critically endangered.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Red Lists at Science4you
  2. ↑ a b Fibiger (1990: p. 37–38) (p. 32–37 description of E. “tritici” = Euxoa nigrofusca : there differences between the species mentioned)
  3. ↑ a b Marko Mutanen: Delimitation difficulties in species splits: a morphometric case study on the Euxoa tritici complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Systematic Zoology, 30: 632-643, 2005 doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-3113.2005.00296.x
  4. ↑ Gernot Embacher: The species of the Euxoa tritici (LINNAEUS, 1761) - group in Salzburg (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen , 51: 9–14, Vienna 1999 PDF
  5. ^ Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 9)
  6. ↑ Fibiger (1997: p. 56/7)
  7. ↑ DTMF Corley, E. Maravalhas, J. Passos de Carvalho: Miscellaneous additions to the Lepidoptera of Portugal (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, 34 (136): 407–427, Madrid 2006, ISSN  0300-5267 PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / redalyc.uaemex.mx  
  8. ↑ Axel Steiner in Ebert (1998: p. 511)
  9. ↑ Michael Fibiger and Hermann Hacker: Systematic List of the Noctuidae of Europe. Corrigenda et Addenda II. Esperiana series of books on entomology. 6: 9-40, Schwanfeld, 1998, ISBN 3-9802644-5-9
  10. ↑ Hermann Hacker: The types of EJ CH. Esper (1742-1810) in his Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) described in his "The Butterflies in Pictures from Nature". Esperiana, Entomology Book Series, Vol. 6: 433-468, Schwanfeld, 1998, ISBN 3-9802644-5-9

literature

  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 7, Nachtfalter V (Eulen (Noctuidae) 3rd part), Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-800-13500-0
  • Michael Fibiger: noctuinae I . In: WG Tremewan (Ed.): Noctuidae Europaeae . 1st edition. tape 1 . Entomological Press, Sorø 1990, ISBN 87-89430-01-8 (English).
  • Michael Fibiger: Noctuinae III. - Noctuidae Europaeae, Volume 3. Entomological Press, Sorø 1997, ISBN 8-789-43005-0

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