Fatty acid nitriles

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In chemistry , a fatty acid nitrile or fatty nitrile is a nitrile obtained from a fatty acid. Therefore it usually has an alkyl radical of eight or more carbon atoms .

Octanenitrile - a fatty nitrile

Manufacturing

Fatty acid nitriles are obtained from fatty acids (RCOOH) mainly through their direct reaction with ammonia (NH 3 ) using two processes:

The reaction takes place at above 250 ° C. and in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst, for example aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ). Under elimination of water the corresponding fatty acid nitrile (RC≡N) results:

RCOOH + NH 3 → RC≡N + 2 H 2 O

Further procedures

Alternatively, z. B. octanenitrile can also be produced by a biotechnological process using aldoxime dehydratase.

use

Fatty nitriles are of great economic importance as platform chemicals . For example, they are used as raw materials for specialty and polymer chemistry or act as starting materials for the synthesis of fatty amines .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry in Fatty acid methyl esters into nitriles: Acid – base properties for enhanced catalysts , Journal of Catalysis, Volume 306, A. Mekki-Berradaa, S. Bennicia, JP Gilletb, JL Couturierb, JL Duboisc, A. Auroux, October 2013 , Pp. 30–37, accessed April 28, 2020.
  2. ↑ Harald Gröger : Biocatalysis - Approaches to solutions along the chemical value chain , BIOspektrum 25 (2019), pp. 786–789, doi: 10.1007 / s12268-019-0093-3 .
  3. ↑ Entry in Biotechnological Production Process for the Industrial Production of Fatty Nitriles from Fats, Oils and Their Derivatives , Agency for Renewable Raw Materials, Harald Gröger, November 2016, accessed on April 28, 2020.