Figure-ground perception
Figure-ground perception is a technical term from the field of sensory perception . It describes the distinction between foreground (figure) and background (ground) when weighting perceived stimuli / sensory impressions. The investigation of figure-ground processes, and especially of the properties of the figure in the foreground in the sense of a shape , forms the focus of research and the theory of Gestalt psychology .
Figure and reason
From the many, different sensory impressions of a situation that stream into the person at the same time, the brain can filter out the impressions that it considers to be the most important at this point in time. These impressions become the foreground, the "figure". They are perceived consciously and differently and form the center of attention. The other sensory impressions, which are recognized as unimportant, take a back seat and form the "reason".
Sensory performance
For figure-ground perception it is necessary to direct the attention selectively / filtering out. The relevant sensory performances are listening, seeing, smelling, tasting and touching. The individual sensory stimuli must be differentiated and recognized. In order to be able to make this distinction, it is essential to filter well and to differentiate between the important and the unimportant. If a person cannot differentiate / filter his sensory impressions, he will be flooded with sensory impressions from all sensory channels.
See also
- Edgar Rubin (1886–1951), a Danish psychologist and phenomenologist, is considered to be the pioneer of research into figure-ground perception ("Rubin cup" or "Rubin vase" - see figure above right).
- Marianne Frostig developed "Frostig's development test of visual perception" (FEW) for the diagnostic differentiation of visual perception for visuo-motor coordination, figure-ground perception, perception constancy, perception of spatial location and spatial relationships.
- Multistable perception describes the phenomenon of spontaneously changing interpretations of an incoming perception signal, i.e. a change in shape or perception. The "foreground" is defined differently in each case.
- Kippfigur is a figure that creates a subjective impression of a change of shape when looking at it. It offers the viewer alternatives of perception, whereby the figure-ground ratio changes again and again.
- My wife and mother-in-law is a drawing by cartoonist William Ely Hill (1887–1962), which first appeared in 1915 in Puck Magazine , a US satirical magazine, and which is one of the best-known tilt figures.
- Gestalt theory and Gestalt psychology describe details regarding this perception.
further reading
- Michael Junga: Training to promote concentration, perception and memory. Volume 4: Figure-ground perception. (= Bergerdorfer turning cards). Persen, Horneburg 2002, ISBN 3-89358-907-4 .
- Klaus Fischer: Handedness as a basic skill for the acquisition of written language. In: Motor skills. 29, 2006, 3, pp. 95-101. ISSN 0170-5792 (abstract)
- Marion Puttich-Becke: We practice words with B / B coupled with exercises on basic figure perception. In: Special School Magazine. 15, 1993, 7-8, pp. 15-16. ISSN 0724-5564
- Lars Tischler: Figure-ground distinction doi : 10.13140 / RG.2.1.2866.8007
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marianne Wiedenmann, Inge Holler-Zittlau (Eds.): Handbook Language Promotion: Basic Knowledge - Integrative Approaches - Practical Aids - Game and Exercise Sheets for Lessons . 3rd, revised and expanded edition. Beltz, 2007, ISBN 3-407-83157-9 , pp. 76 .
- ↑ Visually perceived figures. Studies in Psychological Analysis . Translated from Danish to “Synsoplevede Figurer”. Gyldendalske Boghandel, Copenhagen / Berlin / London 1921.