Fjoldemål

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As Fjoldemål (also: Viölsch , Viöler Danish or Violer Danish ) is called an extinct dialect of Südjütischen ( Sønderjysk ). He was spoken in Viöl (Danish: Fjolde ) on the Schleswig Geest and the area around the municipality in what is now the district of North Friesland . The last spokeswoman for Fjoldemål - Catharina Carstensen, born in 1841 - died in 1937.

history

In the 1840s, Fjoldemål was still the common language in and around Viöl - at that time it was already the language island of South Jutian. For various reasons it was then replaced relatively quickly by Low German , so that by the 1860s only a small part of the population still used this dialect as a colloquial language. Since then, however, linguistics began to deal with this dying dialect - research on Viöler Danish reached a high point in the 1920s with the work of Anders Bjerrum (1903–1984) , among others : He wrote a dissertation on the Fjoldemål and later a dictionary.

particularities

The special features of Fjoldemål included the inflection of the verbs while retaining the already outdated Danish inflection rules and a partially separate vocabulary, sometimes of Low German origin (such as: viinachsman instead of julemanden - Low German: Wienachtsmann , German: Santa Claus ).

literature

  • The Violer Danish: A Lost Language . In: TM-Fonden / Slesvigland (Ed.): Slesvigland . No. 3 , 1983 (also in Danish).
  • Bjerrum is different: Fjoldemaalets Lydsystem . 1944.
  • Not so Bjerrum, Marie Bjerrum: Ordbog over Fjoldemålet . 1974.
  • Loránd-Levente Pálfi: Folkemålets rigdomme . 2006 (Danish).