Wing iron
A flights iron is a double wedge pick , that is, a hoe with two peaks (in contrast to the widespread today Kreuzhacke having a tip and a sheet). The wing iron is part of the tough .
Purpose and use
The flights Leisen was the miner to profits of coal used and also medium solid rock. The softer brown coal was extracted with the broad or flat hoe.
In the coal mining industry, the wing iron was mainly used for cutting . Here it against the wedge pick the advantage that it is balanced with horizontal management and Hauer not with physical strength the down urge the tip offset needs. Furthermore, the service life is longer because it has two tips - once one has been worked off, work can be continued with the other. The wing iron - like the other tack - remained in the pit at the end of the shift and was either locked in the tack box or threaded onto the "tack ring" and secured against theft with a lock. For this purpose, all components of the tack had corresponding holes or eyes. Furthermore, all parts had the personal number of the miner to whom they belonged. More recently, this was no longer hammered in, but welded on and was thus more visible and more durable.
On the Ruhr mines of the 1940s, wing irons weighing around 1.25 kg were used more or less uniformly for work in front of coal. Simple wedge cuts for rock work weighed 2.5 kg, twice as much.
construction
The wing iron consists of the steel blade with hardened tips, which has an eye in the middle for attaching the helmet , and the wooden helmet. One side of the leaf is about 20 to 30 cm long, the center line of the leaf forms an arc, the radius of which should correspond to the length of the helmet plus the length of the forearm.
The dimensions are slightly smaller than the hoes used above , so that the miner can work with them in the extremely cramped space conditions in the face .
A helmet-side extension of the eye that encloses the front part of the helmet is called a "beard". The beard serves as additional fixation of the helmet and as protection against impacts on it, which cannot be avoided in the confines of the dismantling.
Wing irons as well as wedge pickers with inset tips could not establish themselves permanently. The idea was that the miner had a wing iron and several tips with him, which he could then exchange as needed, as was also done with the recovery iron . So only the blunt tips had to be taken over days at the end of the shift and given to the forge for sharpening (pulling out). However, the additional costs due to the more complex design outweighed the benefits.
literature
- Emil Treptow : Basics of mining science . including processing and briquetting. sixth, increased and completely revised edition. 1st volume. Julius Springer, Vienna 1925, III. The rock work, p. 121 ff .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d Fritz Heise, Friedrich Herbst, Carl Hellmut Fritzsche : Textbook of mining science with special consideration of hard coal mining . 8th edition. tape 1 . Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1942, 3rd extraction work. II. Extraction work by hand, p. 154 ff . "Preliminary remark. The importance of manual extraction work has steadily declined over the past decades and is obviously still on the decline. Nevertheless, manual labor in extraction will never completely disappear because it is indispensable as auxiliary work in mechanical extraction and blasting work and because it is under simple conditions that make machine-based extraction work not worthwhile - shallow depths, small extraction rates, etc. Like - will also claim its place as the main work. One can differentiate between the filling work, the wedge-cutting work and the driving-in work. "