Peace treaty between Japan and the People's Republic of China
The peace and friendship treaty between Japan and the People's Republic of China ( Chinese 中华人民共和国 和 日本国 和平 友好 条约 , Pinyin Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó hé Rìběnguó hépíng yǒuhǎo tiáoyuē ) was concluded on August 12, 1978 . It marked the beginning of a marked improvement in Sino-Japanese relations
The peace treaty was preceded by the joint declaration of the government of Japan and the government of the People's Republic of China in Beijing on September 29, 1972 . Negotiations on the peace and friendship treaty between Japan and the People's Republic of China began in 1973. However, they got stuck until 1978 because China wanted an anti-hegemonic clause in the treaty. This clause should state that both countries should refrain from dominating the East Asia region and that both countries should oppose efforts by third states to dominate the region. The Chinese negotiators knew the Soviet Union would not be pleased with such a clause. TheJapanese-Soviet relations had already deteriorated and Japan did not want to risk further deterioration. In addition, right-wing nationalists in Japan prevented concessions from being made to China.
Only in 1977 did the negotiations begin to move. On the Chinese side, Deng Xiaoping returned to foreign affairs after the end of the Cultural Revolution . On the Japanese side, a cabinet reshuffle in November 1977 brought Sonoda Sunao, a China-friendly foreign minister, into the government. From the end of 1977 to the summer of 1978 there were practically constant discussions. As of July 1978, there were 14 rounds of higher-level negotiations. In August 1978 Deng finally made the political decision to accept the Japanese proposal for a weakened anti-hegemonic power clause. The contract was signed on August 12, 1978 by the foreign ministers of the two states of Huang Hua and Sonoda.
The reason for the change in opinion on the Chinese side is that Deng intended to take measures against Soviet expansion in Southeast Asia and the encirclement feared as a result. Before an attack on Vietnam, Deng urgently wanted to improve relations with other countries, especially the USA and Japan.
On October 23, 1978, the treaty was ratified on the occasion of a visit by Deng Xiaoping to Japan. 400 Japanese guests and 28 ambassadors from leading countries were invited to the related ceremony with Prime Minister Fukuda Takeo . At the request of the Chinese side, the ambassador of the Soviet Union was not present at this ceremony.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Ezra F. Vogel: Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China . Harvard University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-674-05544-5 , pp. 295 f .
- ↑ Ezra F. Vogel: Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China . Harvard University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-674-05544-5 , pp. 297 .
- ↑ Ezra F. Vogel: Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China . Harvard University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-674-05544-5 , pp. 299 .