Inspector General for Water and Energy

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Inspector General for Water and Energy (GIWE) was the name of an office created during the National Socialist era , which was held successively by Fritz Todt and Albert Speer . It influenced the course of the Second World War and the energy supply for the population in the Third Reich . The associated legal structure continued to work in the Energy Industry Act of the Federal Republic of Germany until its revision in 1998.

history

With a decree of July 29, 1941, the Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler transferred the energy supervision from the Reich Minister of Economics to the General Inspector for Water and Energy (cf. § 1 Paragraph 2 of the old Energy Industry Act).

"The responsibilities of the Reich Minister of Economics in the field of the energy industry, especially according to the law for the promotion of the energy industry (Energy Industry Act) of December 13, 1935 (RGBl. I, 1451), are transferred to the General Inspector for Water and Energy."

Formally, the basis of the decree is the Enabling Act of March 24, 1933.

Fritz Todt, the inspector general for German roads and founder of the Todt organization named after him , was appointed inspector general for water and energy by Hitler in connection with the decree. Its establishment was justified with the "special requirements of the war". After Todt's death on February 8, 1942 as a result of a mysterious plane crash, Albert Speer was appointed successor in all offices, including general inspector for water and energy. Under Speer, the civil engineer and State Secretary Günther Schulze-Fielitz was responsible for this Speers division. The plans of this authority, which were important to the war effort, included the immediate thermal power program with standardized power plants .

After 1945 the office was abolished by Allied instructions. Nevertheless, the General Inspector for Water and Energy or, based on the original law of 1935, the Reich Economics Minister still appeared in the relevant legal text of the Federal Republic of Germany.

The law for the promotion of the energy industry, enacted on December 13, 1935, was only revised in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1998, and was redesigned by the amendments of 2003 and 2005 and supplemented by more recent laws: Electricity Feed Act , Combined Heat and Power Act and Renewables -Energies Law . Further amendments followed in 2008 and 2011. From 1945 until the new regulation, the law in Paragraph 1 placed the energy industry in the Federal Republic under the supervision of a Reich Minister of Economics, who no longer existed, or an inspector general for water and energy. The legal structure that continued to exist around these offices and was taken over from a dictatorship influenced the structure of the energy industry in the Federal Republic of Germany and the transformation of the energy industry in the GDR when it joined the Federal Republic after reunification (cf.).

literature

  • Nikolaus Eckardt, Margitta Meinerzhagen, Ulrich Jochimsen: The electricity dictatorship: empowered by Hitler, unbroken until today. Rasch and Röhring, Hamburg 1985, ISBN 3-89136-042-8 .
  • Bernhard Stier: National Socialist Special Authorities in the Energy Industry: The Inspector for Water and Energy 1941–1945. In: Rüdiger Hachtmann, Winfried Süss (Hrsg.): Hitler's commissioners: special powers in the National Socialist dictatorship. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-8353-0086-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Legal text (EnWG 1998 and changes to other laws)
  2. ^ Text of the EnWG 1935 with marked changes up to 1978 (PDF; 122 kB)
  3. ↑ Printed matter 11/446, German Bundestag - 11th electoral period, p. 14, section 33, June 2, 1987.
  4. ↑ Printed matter 11/446, German Bundestag - 11th electoral period, p. 14, section 32, June 2, 1987.
  5. ^ Bernhard Stier: National Socialist Special Instances in the Energy Industry . The Inspector for Water and Energy 1941-1945. In: Rüdiger Hachtmann, Winfried Süss (eds.): Hitler's commissioners . Wallstein, 2006, ISBN 3-8353-2206-0 , pp. 16, note 27 .
  6. ↑ Nikolaus Eckardt, Margitta Meinerzhagen, Ulrich Jochimsen: Die Stromdiktatur: empowered by Hitler, unbroken until today. Rasch and Röhring, Hamburg 1985, ISBN 3-89136-042-8 .