Validity and Genesis

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Genesis and validity is a distinction in philosophy explicitly mentioned for the first time by Leibniz , which among other things plays an important role in epistemology , but also comes into play with values ​​(e.g. moral and legal philosophy ).

In the case of validity, the question arises as to the justification and justification of knowledge (“Does the source of knowledge have a special authority?”), In the case of genesis, after the emergence and development of knowledge (“Through which processes do we gain knowledge?”). The latter explains how opinions come about, the former explains why they may be true. The validity thus also plays a decisive role in justification. In other words, genesis determines the causes of being held to be true and validity determines the reasons for being true.

Since the question of validity cannot be analyzed from an empirical point of view (which would lead to a circle of reasons ), a posteriori sciences must already assume the validity of empirical knowledge.

Hans Reichenbach called this distinction "context of justification or justification" (validity) and "context of discovery or origin" (genesis); Kant, on the other hand, calls this “quid juris” or “quid facti”.

Quotes

  • “The reply to this now and with reference to later considerations is that justification is fundamentally different from description. The fact that something can claim to be held to be true does not mean that it is believed to be true, and for what reasons. ”- Hönigswald
  • “There is no doubt that all of our knowledge begins with experience; [...] In terms of time, no knowledge precedes the experience in us, and everything begins with this. [= Genesis] But if all of our knowledge begins with experience, it does not all arise from experience. For where could even experience get its certainty if all the rules by which it proceeds were always empirical, and consequently accidental? hence it is difficult to accept this for the first principles. [= Validity] “- Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, B1 and B5
  • “From the laws of truth there are now rules for holding to be true, for thinking, judging, inferring. And so one speaks of laws of thought. [...] The holding of false and the holding of true both come about according to psychological laws. A derivation from these and an explanation of a mental process which ends in an assumption to be true can never replace a proof of that to which this assumption to be true relates. ”- Frege, Der Gedanke
  • "In general, we can therefore given as one of the main questions of philosophical epistemology that they have to examine [the genesis and validity] that knowledge independent of experience (a priori) and which depends on experience (a posteriori) apply ." - Gabriel, basic problems of epistemology

literature

  • Christoph Lumer: Validity / Validity , In: Hans Jörg Sandkühler (Ed.): Enzyklopädie Philosophie , Felix Meiner Verlag, Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-7873-19992 , Volume 1, p. 811f (there point 3 and 7)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Richard Hönigswald, Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik (ed.): Basic questions of epistemology . Felix Meiner Verlag, Hamburg 1997 (first edition 1931), ISBN 3787313494 , p. 6
  2. ↑ Gottlob Frege: Logical Investigations, Part One: The Thought . In: Contributions to the Philosophy of German Idealism, Volume 1, 1918/19, pp. 58f
  3. ↑ Gottfried Gabriel: Basic problems of epistemology: from Descartes to Wittgenstein, Schöningh / UTB, Paderborn 3rd edition 2008, p. 24